5 research outputs found
Sexism at work: discrimination and violence against female workers in a penal system
No full textEl artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta en línea auto-administrada realizada a trabajadores y trabajadoras de diferentes colectivos profesionales en el ámbito de la ejecución penal en Cataluña (2022). El objetivo fue evaluar la magnitud de la violencia machista y sus diversas manifestaciones en este entorno laboral. Se exploraron actitudes, opiniones y percepciones sobre discriminación, roles de género tradicionales, acoso y violencia hacia las mujeres en el trabajo. También se investigaron las experiencias de victimización de las trabajadoras. Los resultados muestran la existencia de cosmovisiones arraigadas sobre roles, comportamientos y relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en el trabajo. Estas visiones generan desventajas laborales para las mujeres y las exponen a una situación de vulnerabilidad hacia el acoso psicológico, así como a la violencia física y sexual (en proporción decreciente según su gravedad). Esto ocurre tanto por parte de colegas varones como también de hombres presos, de cuya seguridad y reeducación se encargan las trabajadoras.This article presents the results of a self-administered online survey conducted in 2022 on male and female workers from different professional groups in Catalonia’s Penal System. The survey aimed to understand and assess the magnitude of sexist violence and its various manifestations in this work environment. On one hand, the attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of workers regarding discrimination, traditional gender roles, harassment, and violence against women in the workplace were explored. On the other hand, the personal experiences of victimization among female workers were investigated. The results indicate the existence of deeply ingrained gender cosmologies regarding roles, behaviors, and legitimate relationships between men and women in the workplace. These perspectives fuel situations of labor disadvantage for female workers and vulnerability to psychological, physical, and sexual harassment and violence (with decreasing proportions based on severity), both from male colleagues and from incarcerated men, for whom the female agents are responsible for their safety and reeducation.Fil: Safranoff, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Estudios de Población; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Menes, Jorge. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Españ
Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008
No full textWe analyze the pattern of occupational change over the last two decades in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland: which jobs have been expanding – high-paid jobs, low-paid jobs or both? Based on individual-level data, we examine what hypothesis is most consistent with the observed change: skill-biased technical change, routinization, skill supply evolution or wage-setting institutions? Our analysis reveals massive occupational upgrading that closely matches educational expansion: employment expanded most at the top of the occupational hierarchy, among managers and professionals. In parallel, mid-range occupations (clerks and production workers) declined relative to those at the bottom (interpersonal service workers). This U-shaped pattern of upgrading is consistent with the routinization hypothesis: technology seems a better substitute for average-paid clerical and manufacturing jobs than for low-end service employment. Yet country differences in low-paid service job creation suggest that wage-setting institutions play an important role, channelling technological change into more or less polarized patterns of upgrading
Agriculture and society in Central Mexico : the Valley of Tulancingo in the late colonial period (1700-1825)
No full textThis study provides a first approach to the economic and social history of the
Valley of Tulancingo in the late colonial period. In examining the development of
this agricultural area of central Mexico, the author discusses the broader
transformations that affected the country as a whole during the eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries: population growth, migration, urbanization, and the
commercialization of agriculture. On this score, the study participates in the
current debate on the best way to characterize the Mexican agricultural sector at
the end of the colonial rule. Most modern historiography tends to emphasize that
demographic growth transformed the traditional balance between population
and resources and was a major cause of economic and social disruption in the
countryside. The author combines new evidence with recent findings from the
specialist literature, to argue that Tulancingo fully participated in the roster of
economic and social changes of the period. The work begins with a description of
Tulancingo's population trends and an analysis of the spatial distribution of the
population. It goes on with an analysis of the Valley's agricultural economy,
describing the complementary rural elements of Indian communities and
haciendas, and examining a series of related transformations in landholding,
marketing, and social relations. This study will be of interest to anyone
concerned with Mexican economic and social history, or the history of
agriculture
Nahuatl in the Huasteca Hidalguense : a case study in the sociology of language
No full textThis thesis examines the vitality of Hidalgo Nahuatl (HN) in the
communities of Jaltocan, Panacaxtlan, Santa Cruz, Santa Teresa
and Zohuala in the Huasteca Hidalguense, Mexico.
The research, conducted in Mexico and St. Andrews University
from 1976-1982, applies an analysis of HN within the framework of
the Sociology of Language and Dependency Theory, thereby using a
multi-disciplinary approach. Through an investigation of the historical,
social, cultural and economic factors related to HN, the
latter is embedded in its reality.
HN is shown to be originally a language of dependency and oppression,
supported by a long mestizo tradition of "caciquismo". It is
demonstrated that an increasing number of Spanish (S) monolinguals,
together with other socio-economic factors, is encouraging Nahuas
to bilingualize and S:: =A. is fast becoming the new language of dependency.
The Hidalgo Nahuas possess practical reasons for the acquisition
of S., these being to solve their daily problems - especially
land tenancy -, to communicate with the mestizo out-group and to
undertake trading with non-HN speakers. However, the Nahuas are
not surrendering their native language as they bilingualize, but
rather, tend to limit its usage to native Nahua contexts and speakers.
HN has become important to the Nahuas in order to demonstrate
their ethnic identity and territoriality.
The introduction of government projects to the communities, such as
the Castellanizacion project or bilingual-bicultural education, are
shown to be theoretically bilingual in approach, but fail to take
into account sufficiently the regional Indian language in the praxis.
The stable maintenance of HN is highlighted by statistical results
from the word-count of recorded texts, documents and publications
and the range of morphological phenomena affecting S. words
in HN is described with examples from the Corpus.
The linguistic interference from S. in HN is located within Dependency
Theory and this author suggests the use of the term dependency
word rather than loan word and dependency language, thus implying
a diachronic sociological process which is reflected in HN.
Extended Texts are offered as evidence of the linguistic standard
of HN and attitudes of Nahuas towards their language are presented.
The final conclusion is that modern HN is a viable, vital and
functional language at the time of undertaking this research and
demonstrates a frequent usage by a large number of speakers. HN
has still not entered into:. -avital process of language death, as
is the case in other Nahuatl-speaking regions of Mexico, and is
still being maintained, particularly at community level, by adults
and children alike
