196 research outputs found
Sampling Plan For The Brazilian Taco Poject
No full textThe TACO project (Brazilian Table of Food Composition), sponsored by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and executed by NEPA-UNICAMP (Center for Studies and Research on Foods-State University of Campinas), is generating new data on the most consumed foods in Brazil, based on a national sampling plan and analyses carried out by laboratories with demonstrated laboratory capability in nutrient analysis. Key foods have been chosen according to a national multicentric survey of food consumption, starting with 200 food items. The sampling plan covers nine cities in the five official Brazilian geopolitical regions (North, Northeast, South, Southeast and Centralwest), corresponding to approximately 16.8 million inhabitants out of a total Brazilian population of about 170 million. Samples of principal brands (maximum of five for each food) are collected from supermarkets/hypermarkets where 84-85% of total food purchases are made by the Brazilian population. Two units of each principal brand of each product are taken at each sampling site. The total units for each food from all regions are mixed and packed in cans, and three final composites of 100-200 g for each food are sent for analyses in approved laboratories. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.154499505Cohran, W.G., Sampling Techniques (1977), John Wiley & Sons, New YorkDomene, S.M.A., Lima, D.M., Padovani, R.M., Lajolo, F.M., Taddei, J.A.A.C., Galeazzi, M.A.M., TACO project-Brazilian food composition database (1999), Paper presented at the Third International Food Data Conference, RomeFranco, G.V.E., (1982) Nutrição: Texto Básico e Tabela de Composição Quimica dos Alimentos, , 6th edn. Atheneu, São PauloGaleazzi, M.A.M., Domene, S.M.A., Sichieri, R., Estudo multicêntrico sobre consumo alimentar (1997) Caderno de Debates, pp. 1-62. , (Eds.) special volumeGaleazzi, M.A.M., Domene, S.M.A., Zabotto, C., Inquérito de consumo alimentar familiar de Belém (1998), Relatório Ténico para o Centro Colaborador da Região Norte, Ministério da SaúdeGaleazzi, M.A.M., Falconi, P.J., (1998), Inquérito de consumo alimentar familiar (INCAF) de Brasília. Relatório Técnico para Secretaria de Saúde do DF(1977), IBGE. Estudo Nacional de Despesa Familiar-ENDEF: Tabela de Composição de Alimentos. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro(2000), http://www.ibge.gov.br, IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved June 3, 2002 from the World Wide Web: Censo DemográficoPehrsson, P.R., Haytowitz, D.B., Holden, J.M., Perry, C.R., Beckler, D.G., USDA's national food and nutrient analysis program: Food sampling (2000) J. Food Comp. Anal, 13, pp. 379-389Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Colugnati, F.A.B., Padovani, R.M., Lima, D.M., Galeazzi, M.A.M., Evaluation of the laboratory capability in Brazil (2001), Paper presented at the Fourth International Food Data Base Conference, BratislavaSouza, R.A.M., de Silva, R.O.P., Mandelli, C.S., Tasco, A.M.P., Comercialização hortícola: Análise de alguns setores do Mercado varejista de São Paulo (1998) Inform. Econ, 28, pp. 7-23(2001) Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, , http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabe, USP. Universidade de São Paulo. Retrieved on June 4, 2002 from the World Wide We
Aeroelasticity of Membrane Kites: Airborne Wind Energy Applications
No full textThe climate actions defined by United Nations require a rapid transition to low environmental footprint technologies. The energy sector is the major emitter of carbon dioxide emissions and a significant contributor to extracting resources for fuel and power plant construction materials.Wind energy is projected to produce a significant share of electricity and energy in the following decades. The wind turbines have a small footprint during the operation, but the turbine with its foundation is a massive structure with a significant material footprint. Airborne wind energy uses tethered devices to harness high-altitude wind energy, substantially reducing bulk material use. However, better models are required to make the systems reliable and efficient. This thesis focuses on membrane traction kites that harness wind energy by flying fast crosswind maneuvers. A high-fidelity aeroelastic model for the kites is developed to predict the aerodynamic loads and the structural deformations of real systems. The aeroelastic model assumes that the membrane kite flight can be modeled as multiple steady-states without memory from the past. The steady-state aerodynamics are simulated by solving the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations numerically. High-quality numerical grid generation strategies are developed for the unconventional wing shape of the membrane kites. The membrane kites are tensile structures, and therefore a finite element model with cable and membrane elements without rotational degrees of freedom is used to calculate the deformed shape. The solver calculates the average surface without wrinkles and applies an additional model when an element is under compression. The steady-state response of the structure is calculated with a dynamic relaxation technique. The two solvers are coupled in a partitioned manner, and during each iteration, both solvers compute a steady state. The staggered approach requires several coupling iterations to converge. The fluid mesh needs to be altered to the deformed geometry during each iteration, and therefore, the mesh is deformed with radial basis function with greedy point selection.This thesis presents three computational studies with the framework. The first two studies focus on the aerodynamics of rigidized LEI kite airfoil and wing. The aerodynamic model is validated with an already existing wind tunnel experiment on a similar airfoil. Generally, the largest model uncertainty in CFD is the mesh and therefore, the uncertainty is assessed by mesh refinement studies. A range of flight conditions is simulated by varying the inflow angle of attack, sideslip angle and Reynolds number. The flow around the wing is characterized by a recirculation zone behind the leading edge tube due to the lack of second skin. The zone is highly influenced by the inflow conditions. The effect of the chordwise inflatable tubes on aerodynamics is assessed by creating a model with and without them. The results show that the chordwise tubes have an almost negligible impact on the aerodynamic forces, which suggests they could be left out of the aerodynamic model in future work, simplifying the mesh generation and mesh deformation.The third study shows the aeroelasticity of a ram-air kite for several power configurations by changing the trim of the bridle lines. The kite forms a typical ram-air shape with ballooning in between ribs, and the nose of the wing is flattened at the stagnation region. The aerodynamics of the flexible kite is compared to a rigidized version of it. The wing is fixed at the symmetry plane and fixed to the pre-inflated shape with stagnation pressure. The results show that the flexible kite is aerodynamically more efficient than the rigidized version. The morphing wing adapts itself to the incoming flow in a way that extends the range of feasible flight conditions and improves efficiency. The aeroelastic framework converges satisfactorily with all the power setups, and it is computationally relatively inexpensive for fidelity. Consequently, the framework could be integrated into a membrane kite design process and could be a valuable asset in evaluating kite designs.Wind Energ
Verslag behorende bij het processchema: Bereiding van isopropyl-alkohol
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemTechApplied Science
Ammoniakproductie volgens ICI patent EP 0 212 889
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemtechApplied Science
Biomonitoring and assessment of atmospheric trace elements in Portugal: Methods, response modelling and nuclear analytical techniques
No full textApplied Science
Effectieve informatie-uitwisseling binnen Nederlandse DBFM weginfrastructuurprojecten
No full textSince ten years contractors receive another question of public clients (government, local authorities) in the Dutch Civil Engineering sector. This question is in the form of integrated contracts, in which design, construction and/or maintenance are clustered. In projects contracted with the contract form Design (D), Built (B), Finance (F) and Maintain (M) the contractor is responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of the asset in question. This market approach results to freedom and responsibility for contractors. Firstly, a contractor has the freedom to make LCB considerations. Secondly, contractors become responsible for the delivery of performance during construction and maintenance. Currently, several Dutch DBFM infrastructure projects are in the pipeline. The government intends to spend the upcoming years more money on projects with the contract form DBFM. The construction has high failure costs with costs are 8-10% of the total contract value (SBR, 2013). A study by USP Marketing (2011) indicates that the failure costs consist in 21% by limited exchange of information. The information exchange is with 2% of the total contract value the biggest factor for failure costs. There is a freedom to make LCB considerations and responsibility for the provision of services for new contractors. This includes the exchange of information in order to make and give meaning to the agreed performance. How do contractors organize the exchange of information with freedom they get for LCB considerations and responsibility for delivering performance? The core issue in this research is that contractors make limited use of information for LCB considerations from various information carriers in practice which determine the life cycle costs. This information is available within the organization, but information on system characteristics and behavior are insufficient exchanged between the design team and the carriers during the design phase. The purpose of this study is to determine whether effective exchanges of information takes place when making design choices and to do recommendations for effective information exchange. The conclusion is that there is insufficient effective exchange of information (1) within Dutch DBFM infrastructure projects. Therefore there is enough untapped potential (2) for a more effective exchange of information. Contractors in Dutch DBFM infrastructure projects do not work according to Systems Engineering (SE) as ideally prescribed by literature. SE is an approach in which information is created by through processes. Following the SE standard leads to Structures in which information can be recorded, stored, shared and recalled Information is structured data that can be recorded on a computer. (Examples are) such as functions, risks, requirements and objects. To determine whether this information exchange is effective, there are conditions established where information must meet. In this study the conditions are based on the problems of LCC analyses. This study defines effective information exchange when information is relevant (1a), available (1b), punctual (2), explicit (3) and traceable (4). To test the conditions for effective exchange of information in practice, the conditions are processed into questions. These questions are part of interviews. Another part of the interviews are the DBFM contract requirements. Within a DBFM contract the requirements should be central to several teams of a contractor. For the interviews are relationships between Requirements and Functions (a), Requirements and Organizations (b), Requirements and Locations (c), Requirements and Stages (d), Requirements and Objects (e) and Requirements and Risks (f) tested. The results show the candidates find information relevant, but the information is not always available. In addition the information available is not on time, not explicitly or not traceable. The differences between theory and practice in information exchange have been identified for five of the six tested relationships. Only the relationships between the Requirements and Organizations (b) are in accordance with the criteria that more than 50% of the respondents are satisfied with all conditions. This relation satisfies the conditions for effective exchange of information, but is debatable. This is debatable, since this relation is the only satisfied relationships between requirements and other Structures. Therefore there is missing information for context and coherence. Contractors think that by allocating requirements on parts of the organization is sufficient for working with SE. Contractors experience SE in practice as a form of managing the requirements, imposed by public clients. In addition, in practice, the focus is located on the requirements of the design and the construction and not in the maintenance. This does not in accordance for LCB considerations. The main recommendation is to send in information exchange, whereby one central information management system (ON-1) is needed that addresses the processes of employees in the project. A second recommendation is a change of working and vision of contractors. SE is contractually obliged for contractors by a client. A contractor should see SE more as a chance. SE can be used as a tool for information exchange. A contractor should do SE as an opportunity. To take this opportunity the different recommendations need to be done for effective exchange of information: execute the processes (ON-2), interpret the ISO15288 together (ON-3) and capture the generated information in Structures (ON-4). Then information can become more timely, explicit and traceable. With these changes effective information exchange can take place and contractors can make LCB considerations according to the agreed performance. Upholding the freedom and responsibility can lead to a reduction in failure costs through more effective information exchange.Construction Management and EngineeringStructural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Marktrisico in projectontwikkeling
No full textThe financial crisis and economic recession revealed the vulnerability of the real estate development branch as a result of volatility on the markets. The complex process of real estate development requires understanding of both the markets to be traded on and segments within these markets. The research investigates how a real estate development company is able to apply a diversification strategy in the development portfolio. The reduction in market risk as a result of portfolio diversification is calculated using the market risks of office, retail and residential developments, based on long term time series of the construction market, the space market and investment market. Market risk may be decreased by 18% - 20% by developing retail and residential space. Operational risks tend to increase when mixing multiple segments within a building or within a company.Design and Construction Management, Building EconomicsReal Estate and HousingArchitectur
Ligand binding domain of the P. Putida receptor McpH in complex with Uric acid [Dataset]
No full textDescription of methods used for collection/generation of data: Single Crystal X-ray diffraction (MX) data collection at synchrotron source i.e. ESRF beam line .
Methods for processing the data: Diffraction data from the latter radiation source were used for structuredetermination. Data were indexed and integrated with XDS, and scaled and reduced with AIMLESS of the CCP4 program suite. Phases were determined by molecular replacement using Molrep and rather refined with Refmac and phenix.refine of the PHENIX suite.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities/Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10. 13039/501100011033 (grants PID2020-112612GB-I00 to T.K., PID2019- 103972GA-I00 to M.A.M. and PID2020-116261GB-I00 to J.A.G.), the Junta de Andalucía (grant P18-FR-1621 to T.K.), CSIC (grant 2023AEP002 to M.A.M.) and the NIH (grant 1R35GM131760 to I.B.Z.).
Spanish synchrotron ALBA at beamline XALOC.Peer reviewe
Synergistic Effect of a Flavonoid-Rich Cocoa–Carob Blend and Metformin in Preserving Pancreatic Beta Cells in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
No full textAuthor Contributions: Conceptualization, T.F.-M., L.V., M.A.M. and E.F.-M.; Data curation, P.G.-V., M.A.M., E.F.-M., T.F.-M., L.V., A.M.V. and S.R.; Formal Analysis, P.G.-V., M.A.M., E.F.-M., T.F.- M., L.V., A.M.V. and S.R.; Funding Acquisition, M.A.M., E.F.-M., T.F.-M., L.V., A.M.V. and S.R.; Methodology, P.G.-V., T.F.-M., L.V. and E.F.-M.; Project administration, M.A.M., T.F.-M., L.V. and S.R.: Writing—Original Draft P.G.-V., M.A.M. and E.F.-M.; Writing—Review and Editing P.G.-V., M.A.M., E.F.-M., T.F.-M., L.V., A.M.V. and S.R.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.The loss of functional beta-cell mass in diabetes is directly linked to the development of diabetic complications. Although dietary flavonoids have demonstrated antidiabetic properties, their potential effects on pancreatic beta-cell preservation and their synergistic benefits with antidiabetic drugs remain underexplored. We have developed a potential functional food enriched in flavonoids by combining cocoa powder and carob flour (CCB), which has shown antidiabetic effects. Here, we investigated the ability of the CCB, alone or in combination with metformin, to preserve pancreatic beta cells in an established diabetic context and their potential synergistic effect. Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) were fed a CCB-rich diet or a control diet, with or without metformin, for 12 weeks. Markers of pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as relative beta-cell mass and beta-cell apoptosis, were analyzed. Results demonstrated that CCB feeding counteracted pancreatic oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense and reducing reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the CCB suppressed islet inflammation by preventing macrophage infiltration into islets and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with the inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). As a result, the CCB supplementation prevented beta-cell apoptosis and the loss of beta cells in ZDF diabetic animals. The observed additive effect when combining the CCB with metformin underscores its potential as an adjuvant therapy to delay the progression of type 2 diabetes.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesComunidad de MadridSección Deptal. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (Farmacia)Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
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