1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immunohistological study of macrophages, HLA-DR expression, T lymphocytes (total and helper) and B lymphocytes of the colonic mucosa of children with nonspecific chronic inflammatory disease of the colon (Crohn\'s disease and nonspecific ulcerative colitis)
No full textPara melhor compreensão dos mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos na mucosa colônica da DICIC foram estudadas as mucosas colônicas de 19 crianças com RCUI e 12 crianças com DC. Foram analisadas as principais células inflamatórias identificadas através de técnica de imunoperoxidase e marcadores específicos para macrófagos (CD68), expressão HLA-DR, linfócitos T total (CD3+), linfócitos T auxiliador (CD4+) e linfócitos B (CD20+) em diferentes períodos evolutivos da doença, PI (antes do tratamento), PII (até 2 anos de evolução) e PIII (com mais de 2 anos de evolução). De modo geral todos os marcadores estudados neste trabalho, apresentaram médias superiores aos do grupo controle com diferentes graus de significância nos diferentes períodos estudados. O macrófago, marcado por CD68, com aumento numérico não significativo nas mucosas doentes, apresentou nestas uma distribuição difusa e não subepitelial como no grupo controle. As células imunocoradas CD68 se concentraram ao longo das fissuras, nas bases das úlceras, no centro e ao redor dos abcessos de cripta, nos microgranulomas (tornando-os muito fácil de identificação) e em toda extensão dos pseudopólipos. Um achado muito importante foi o da presença da expressão HLA-DR no epitélio colônico, na quase totalidade das mucosas doentes em todos os períodos, enquanto esteve ausente em todas as mucosas do grupo controle. Esta expressão HLA-DR estava presente na lâmina própria das mucosas doentes acompanhando a distribuição dos macrófagos e dos linfócitos B. O marcador CD3. do linfócito T total, aumentado no epitélio (superficial e glandular) e na lâmina própria das mucosas doentes em relação às do controle, estava distribuído difusamente pela mucosa, concentrando-se ao redor dos microgranulomas e nódulos linfoídes. No DC, Pl, sua média diferiu significantemente em relação ao controle. Comportamento semelhante teve o marcador CD20 do linfócito B nas mucosas doentes, cujas médias foram superiores aos do controle, embora apenas no PI da DC esta diferença tenha sido significativa. As células imunocoradas CD3 distribuiram-se difusamente pela mucosa doente concentrando-se no interior dos nódulos linfoídes e nas áreas lesadas, em proximidade aos macrófagos. O marcador CD4, do linfócito T auxiliador também apresentou nas mucosas doentes médias elevadas em relação à mucosa controle mas sem significação estatística. As células CD4+ distribuiram-se difusamente por toda altura da mucosa doente, concentrando-se ao redor dos nódulos linfoídes e dos microgranulomas. Esses resultados confirmam a participação destes elementos na patogênese da DICIC, mas não permitiram estabelecer nenhum critério discriminatório entre a RCUI e a DC. Os achados de correlação positiva entre os aumentos de CD4 e CD20 em ambas as doenças põem em evidência a ação imunoreguladora do CD4 sobre a expansão clonai e diferenciação dos linfócitos B para plasmócitos e síntese de lgG. Do mesmo modo as correlações positivas entre a expressão HLA-DR e os marcadores CD4, CD3 e CD20 na lâmina própria são consistentes com a presença de citocinas indutoras da expressão HLA-DR em conseqüência do processo inflamatório instalado na mucosaFor one to understand better the immunological mechanism involved in the colonic mucosae of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), 19 children with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 12 children with Crohn\'s Disease (CD) were studied. The main inflammatory cells identified by lhe immunoperoxidase technique and specific markers for macrophages (CD68), HLA-DR expression, T lymphocytes (CD20) in different evolutionary periods of the disease were analyzed, PI (before treatment), PII (until 2 years of treatment) and PIII (with more than 2 years of treatment). In general, all markers studied in this research presented higher averages compared to the control group with different degrees of significance in the studied periods. The macrophages identified by CD68, with no meaningful numeric increase in the involved mucosae, presented, in these, a diffuse distribution and not subepithelial as in the control group. The immunochromatic (CD68) cells concentrated themselves following the fissures, in the uIcer´s bases, in the center, and around the crypt, in the microgranulomas (becoming easier to identify), and in the whole extension of the pseudo polyps. A very important discovery was the presence of the expression HLA-DR colonic epithelial in almost all the involved mucosae and all periods, while not present in all the control groups mucosae. This expression HLA-DR was present in the lamina propria of the involved mucosae following the same distribution of the macrophages and B lymphocytes. The marker CD3, of the total T lymphocyte, Increased in the epithelial (superficial and glandular epithelial) and in the lamina propria of the involved mucosae in relation to the controlled ones, was diffusely distributed over the mucosae, concentrating itself around the microgranulomas and the nodules lymphoids. In DC, PI, its average differed significantly from the controlled ones. Similar behave was sean in the marker CD20 of the B lymphocytes in the involved mucosae, whose averages were superior In relation to the controlled ones; only in the PI of the CD this difference had been significant. The immunochromatic cells CD3 distributed themselves diffusely over the involved mucosae, concentrating themselves in the interior of the lymphoid nodules and in the injured areas, near the macrophages. The marker CD4, of helper T lymphocytes also presented in the involved mucosae high averages in relation to the controlled mucosae, but without statistic significance. The CD4 cells distributed diffusely over the whole thlckness of the involved mucosae, concentrating around the lymphoid nodules and the microgranulomas. Theses results confirm the participation of these elements in the pathogenesis of IBD, but did not permit the establishment of any discriminatory criteria between UC and DC. The results of the positive correlation between the increased CD4 and CD20 in both disease show clearly the immunoregulation action of CD4 over the clonal expansion and the differentiation of the B lymphocytes from plasmocytes and the IgG synthesis. Equally, the positive correlations between the expression HLA-DR and the markers CD4, CD3 and CD20 in the lamina propria prove the presence of inducing cytokines process established in the mucosa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Diagnóstico da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal na Criança e Adolescente
Full text linkThe criteria of Porto1 is aligned with the presentation of ESPGHAN because both sources draw attention to the care that must be taken to make the diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in children and adolescents, but especially in children under 6 years old in order to exclude the possibility of primary immunodeficiencies and monogenic diseases. The presentation of ESPGHAN reinforces that is very important the way how we introduce the diagnosis to the family and pediatric patients with IBD. Professionals should, if possible, have a team specialized in pediatric IBD, a pediatrician, pediatric gastroenterologist, nurse, nutritionist, psychologist, etc. IBD has become an increasingly diagnosed in children of all ages. This condition has a particular clinical picture in children compared with adults. Perform early diagnosis is crucial to avoid an additional impact on the nutritional status, pondoestatural and pubertal development. It also requires attention to the consequences of IBD on the psychosocial aspect of children and adolescents, it is common to break school and social activities, especially in those patients with unstable or severe disease, requiring psychological intervention
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
