1,720,953 research outputs found
Estudo da influência da dieta e da temperatura na resposta imunológica do ouriços-do-mar Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)
No full textO ouriço-do-mar comum europeu Paracentrotus lividus é uma espécie comercialmente importante devido ao elevado valor das suas gónadas, ou ovas. Uma dieta com um alto teor de carotenoides pode aumentar a imunidade destes animais. A temperatura ambiental afeta, de uma forma geral, diversas funções fisiológicas dos invertebrados marinhos. Os ouriços-do-mar têm um sistema imune inato constituído pelos celomócitos que são os componentes celulares responsáveis pela resposta imune secundados pelas proteases e lisozimas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência de dietas com diferentes teores de carotenoides e da temperatura no sistema imunológico e antioxidante do ouriço-do-mar P. lividus. No ensaio nutricional (8 semanas), os animais foram alimentados com três dietas gelificadas: dieta rica em carotenoides (HC); dieta pobre em carotenoides (LC); dieta à base de algas marinhas (Macroalgas). No final do ensaio nutricional, os ouriços-do-mar foram expostos a um desafio patológico time-course, onde foram inoculados com Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Os parâmetros de imunidade celular, humoral e antioxidante foram medidos. No ensaio da temperatura os animais foram expostos a um aumento de temperatura até 24 ᵒC durante 36 dias, ao fim dos quais os parâmetros de imunidade celular e humoral foram medidos. No final do ensaio nutricional, ocorreu um aumento de celomócitos nos ouriços-do-mar alimentados com dietas HC e LC. Destes celomócitos, e de forma semelhante nos três grupos dietéticos, os mais abundantes foram os fagócitos (HC: 58%; LC: 65%; Macroalga: 69%), seguidos pelos granulócitos incolores (HC: 18%; LC: 17%; Macroalga: 16%). Para os parâmetros humorais, os animais alimentados com a dieta macroalga obtiveram uma ativação mais rápida do sistema imune perante a presença de um patógeno. Nos parâmetros de stress oxidativo, a dieta macroalgas foi a que promoveu uma melhor defesa antioxidante nos ouriços-do-mar. No ensaio da temperatura, o número de celomócitos nos indivíduos aumentou com o aumento deste fator. Já na resposta humoral dos animais apenas a concentração de lisozima reagiu ao aumento da temperatura. Em conclusão, as dietas foram aceites pelas ouriços-do-mar, sendo que a dieta que proporcionou uma melhor defesa do sistema imune e antioxidante foi a de macroalgas.The common European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is a commercially important species due to high value of their gonads, or roe. Some factors, like temperature, affects diverse physiological functions of marine invertebrates. A diet high in carotenoids can increase the immunity of these animals. Sea urchins have an innate immune system supported by coelomocytes, which are the main cellular components responsible for the secondary immune response through proteases and lysozymes. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of diets with different carotenoid contents and temperature on the immune and antioxidant system of the sea urchin P. lividus. In the nutritional trial (8 weeks), the animals were fed three jellified diets: diet rich in carotenoids (HC); diet low in carotenoids (LC); diet based on seaweed (Macroalgae). At the end of the nutritional trial, sea urchins were exposed to a pathological challenge over time, where they were inoculated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Cellular, humoral and antioxidant immunity settings were measured. In the temperature trial (36 days) the animals were exposed to an increase in temperature up to 24 ᵒC and the cellular and humoral immunity parameters were evaluated. At the end of the nutritional trial, there was an increase in coelomocytes in sea urchins fed HC and LC diets. Of these coelomocytes, and similarly to the three dietary groups, the most abundant were phagocytes (HC: 58%; LC: 65%; Macroalgae: 69%), followed by colorless granulocytes (HC: 18%; LC: 17%; Macroalgae: 16%). For humoral parameters, animals fed the macroalgae diet achieved faster activation of the immune system in the presence of a pathogen. In terms of oxidative stress parameters, the macroalgae diet was the one that promoted better antioxidant defense in sea urchins. In the temperature trial, the number of coelomocytes in individuals increased with an increase in this factor. In the humoral response of the animals, only the concentration of lysozyme reacted to the increase in temperature. In conclusion, the diets were accepted by sea urchins, and the diet that provided the best immune system and antioxidant defense was macroalgae
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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