1,610 research outputs found
FIGURE 1 in Heteragrion gorbi sp. nov. (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) from southeastern Brazil
No full textFIGURE 1. Heteragrion gorbi. Habitus (a) and head (b) of the holotype; lateral view of left cerci of paratype (c); lateral (d) and dorsal view (e) of holotype cerci; dorsal view of left cerci of paratype (f); ventral view of cerci of holotype (g).Published as part of Cezário, Rodrigo Roucourt & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2021, Heteragrion gorbi sp. nov. (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) from southeastern Brazil, pp. 78-86 in Zootaxa 4965 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/472314
Endecous (Ramalhoecous) Carvalho & Junta & Castro-Souza & Ferreira 2023, n. subg.
No full textEndecous (Ramalhoecous) n. subg. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: uniformly broadened phallic complex, of intermediate length and almost quadrangular contour; pseudepiphallic inner bars (Ps.ib) deeply concave; tergites III to VII bearing centrally positioned protuberances in their anterior margins; cerci short in relation to body length, and dilated at the base.Published as part of Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Mendes, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2023, Three new cricket species and a new subgenus of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5263 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/779771
Measurement of Forward Energy Flow at 13 TeV with the CMS Experiment
No full textThe measurement of the energy flow is performed with the forward (HF: ) and very-forward (CASTOR: ) calorimeters of CMS at the centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were taken during the several periods of low luminosity operation in 2015. The results are compared to Monte Carlo (MC) model predictions as well as the earlier proton-proton data taken at TeV and 7 TeV. Furthermore, the beam fragmentation which provides valuable input for tuning of MC models used to describe high energy hadronic interactions is also studied at the regions close to the beam rapidities
FIGURES. 5a–c. Franciscagrion longispinum. 5a in Final instar larva of Franciscagrion longispinum Machado & Bedê, 2015 (Odonata Coenagrionidae), an endemic species from the springs of the São Francisco river
No full textFIGURES. 5a–c. Franciscagrion longispinum. 5a. posterior view of F0 exuvia cerci, 5b. dorsal view of cercus, 5c. ventral view of F0 exuvia S9 and S10 ♂ gonapophyses.Published as part of <i>Cezário, Rodrigo Roucourt, Vilela, Diogo Silva & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2019, Final instar larva of Franciscagrion longispinum Machado & Bedê, 2015 (Odonata Coenagrionidae), an endemic species from the springs of the São Francisco river, pp. 581-586 in Zootaxa 4657 (3)</i> on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.3.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3998477">http://zenodo.org/record/3998477</a>
Jet Production in the Very Forward Direction at 13 TeV with CMS
No full textThe new frontier collision energy ~TeV of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the Run II has important key points in particle physics. Forward jets, abundantly produced in proton-proton () collisions, are useful tools to test Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predictions at low values of parton momentum fraction . Measurement of the differential inclusive jet production cross section in the very forward direction is a powerful benchmark to study multiple partonic interactions (MPI) in collisons. The very forward jet measurement is performed with the CMS detector in a special early run at 13 TeV taken with T. The results are corrected to stable particle level and compared to several Monte Carlo (MC) model predictions
Trichopoda Berthold 1827
No full textKey to genera of the subgroup “ Trichopoda typica” <p> 1. Frontal vitta at vertex level usually wider than at lunula level, often yellow to light-tawny anteriorly. Wing with hyaline portion inside cell dm and forming a characteristic sinuosity in the hyaline border. Dm-cu crossvein almost straight or slightly curved. Claws dark-tawny with darker tips ……………………………………………………………………… <i>Ectophasiopsis</i> Townsend,1915</p> <p>– Frontal vitta at lunula level usually wider than at vertex level (or subequal), tawny to dark-tawny, at most with some lighter spots. Hyaline portion of wing outside cell dm (if inside, only slightly, not forming sinuosity). Dm-cu crossvein usually curved, sometimes even sinuous. Claws yellow to pale-tawny with black tips ………………………………………………………………………2</p> <p> 2. Male: cerci weakly concave before posteromedian process, and posterolateral lobes absent or weakly developed. Postgonite distally very broad, in posterior view. Female: cerci thick, posteriorly flattened, with the flattened surfaces covered with rows of small setulae (for male and female terminalia, please see figures in Dios & Nihei 2016) ……………… <i>Eutrichopoda</i> Townsend, 1908</p> <p> – Male: cerci usually concave before posteromedian process, and posterolateral lobes developed or moderately developed. Postgonite distally moderately broadened, in posterior view. Female: cerci plate-like (sub-genus <i>Galactomyia</i> - resembling <i>Ectophasiopsis</i>, Fig. 3 A–B), or cerci widely separated basally with converging apical portions elongate and slender, forceps-like (subgenus <i>Trichopoda</i> – see image of <i>Polistomyia</i> in Sabrosky 1950) ………… <i>Trichopoda</i> Berthold, 1827</p>Published as part of <i>Dios, Rodrigo de V. P. & Nihei, Silvio S., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae), pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 334</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.334, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3829844">http://zenodo.org/record/3829844</a>
Argia smithiana Calvert 1909
No full textDescription of the final instar larvae of Argia smithiana Calvert 1909 Figs. 7–12. Material examined. 1 ♂ F0 exuvia (Fig. 7a): BRAZIL, Serra da Canastra, Rio do Peixe (20°25’68.89” S, 46°40’96.11” W), 14-xii-2017, Guillermo-Ferreira leg., 1 ♂ (reared in laboratory). Head. Approximately rectangular, wider than long, cephalic lobes convex, bulging and bearing small setae (Fig. 7b). Ventral margin of eyes at mandibles level. Antenna 7-jointed, longer than head, third antennomere being the longest, about as long as combined length of antennomere 1+2 (Fig. 8); antennomere 1 ochre, 4–7 yellowish to pale; length of antennomeres: 0.19, 0.30, 0.46, 0.42, 0.24, 0.10, 0.08 (Fig. 8). Prementum (Fig. 9 a–c) 0.75 as wide as long, dorsal surface bare, ligula moderately prominent with small claviform setae (Fig. 9a); labial palp with two teeth, both smaller than movable hook, medial (outer) one the longest; 1 short palpal setae at base of movable hook (Fig. 9b); lateral row of 10 or 11 small setae (Fig. 9c). Mandibles with molar teeth but without molar crest, with the following formula: L 1234 0 b (1>3>2>4), R 1234 y 0 a (1>2>3>4) (Fig. 10). Thorax. Pronotum yellow, rounded, bearing no setae. Wing pads yellow with dark borders, extending up to segment 4. Legs yellow with weak dark annular spots, two on each femora and one on the mid portion of tibia (Fig. 7a). Abdomen. Mostly yellow, with dark markings on S1–4 distal ring, S5–10 with dorsolateral spots, larger and darker from S7–10 (Fig. 7a). Cerci (Fig. 11 a–b) rounded, with apparent small excavations in mediodorsal view (Fig. 11a); in lateral view with rounded tip, small concave dorsal excavation, pointed forwards (Fig. 11b); sternum S9 with 9 setae on its posterior half; gonapophyses blunt with one row of 4 claviform setae and 1 mediolateral setae on ventral margin; only surpassing to 25% of S10 length (Fig. 11 c–d). Caudal lamellae (Fig. 12 a–b) laminar (sensu Novelo-Gutierrez, 1992), narrow at base, foliaceous median lamella tip (Fig. 12a); lateral lamellae with a filamentous tip (Fig. 12b); both lateral and median lamellae dark with two transverse pale stripes interrupted medially; on lateral lamellae one at 50% and the other at 75% of its length; on median lamella at 30% and 60% of the length; median lamella shorter than lateral lamellae (Fig. 12 a–b). Tip of lateral lamella missing a small part. Measurements (n = 1). Total length without appendages: 13.57. Total length of head: 1.72; max.width: 3.21. Prementum length: 2.86; max. width: 2.1. Total length of labial palp: 1.24; max. width: 0.40. Femur I: 2.16; II: 2.69; III: 3.36. Tibiae I: 1.87; II: 2.00; III: 2.32. Inner wing pads: 3.9; external wing pads: 3.82. Medial caudal lamella: 3.3; lateral caudal lamella: 4.07. Habitats: The larvae of A. smithiana was collected in a small section of the stream, among leaves that piles on the margins. Remarks. Differential diagnosis. Argia larvae are commonly found inhabiting streams, rivers and palm swamps (Vilela et al. 2016) and they are usually found among submerged vegetation, gravel and rocks (Novelo- Gutierrez 1992). The larvae of A. mollis and A. smithiana fit better on the second group proposed by Novelo- Gutierrez (1992) which comprises species with ligula moderately prominent (see Table 1). They differ from the five Brazilian hitherto described Argia larvae by the ligula shape: in A. insipida (described by Geijskes 1943), A. serva (described by Del-Palacio et al. 2018), A. sordida (described by Santos 1968) and A. croceipennis (described by Costa et al. 2008) the ligula is prominently convex and in A. pulla (described by Novelo-Gutierrez 1992) it is slightly prominent (Table 1). Argia smithiana shares with A. insipida, A. croceipennis, A. mollis and A. serva the presence of only one palpal setae basal to the movable hook, whereas A. sordida has no palpal setae and A. pulla has two. Cerci of A. smithiana are similar to those of A. pulla by having a more forward orientation but differ from those of this species by exhibiting less conic apices and a slightly concave excavation on their dorsal portion. Argia croceipennis and A. sordida have bigger and rounded cerci. Argia mollis cerci are similar to A. croceipennis because they are short and rounded. Argia mollis shares with A. pulla bluntly pointed appendages. Argia sordida has short cerci with rounded apex. Argia mollis and A. smithiana share small excavations at the cerci in medio dorsal view. The cerci of A. insipida are undescribed. Final instar larva of A. smithiana can be further distinguished from that of A. insipida, one of the most similar species, by lacking spines on each side of prementum basal surface, having larger medial teeth in labial palp, mandibles lacking molar crest, bearing no setae and ventral portion of male gonapophysis bearing less setae. Argia smithiana also seems to be lighter in coloration in comparison to A. insipida, which has dark brown body coloration (Geijskes 1943). Argia mollis can be distinguished from A. smithiana by the presence of two molar teeth in its left mandible and seems to be darker in coloration in comparison to A. insipida.Published as part of Cezário, Rodrigo Roucourt, Vilela, Diogo Silva & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2018, Final instar larvae of Argia mollis Hagen in Selys, 1865 and Argia smithiana Calvert, 1909 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, pp. 137-144 in Zootaxa 4514 (1) on pages 140-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/260851
Sperm competition and male forceps dimorphism in the European earwig Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulina)
No full textSome portions of this electronic text have been removed owing to copyright restrictionsThe European earwig exhibits a remarkable male-dimorphism in forceps morphology that is associated with alternative reproductive tactics under the control of a conditional evolutionarily stable strategy. Populations on the small, rocky islands of the Farnes off the Northumberland coast are known to sustain populations with dramatically higher morph ratios than observed on the UK mainland. A survey conducted of island and mainland sites around the UK showed that the dimorphic populations of the Farnes are similar to other islands and that mainland populations generally exhibit low morph ratios. Additionally, a correlation between morph ratio and population density was found lending support to the hypothesis that the ESS thresholds that define the morph ratios have diverged through local adaptation.
A set of seven microsatellite markers are presented that were developed from a Farne island population of F. auricularia with one additional, previously published locus. These eight markers exhibit genetic variability within and between populations and as such can potentially be applied at a range of scales, from broad-scale phylogeography to within population parentage studies. A phylogeographic study of the UK populations using these markers suggests a single postglacial colonisation from mainland Europe and give further support to the local adaptation hypothesis of ESS threshold evolution.
A study of ejaculate size in F. auricularia showed that the males transfer free sperm at a steady rate and that the morphs do not differ in the number of sperm per ejaculate. Measurements of change in body-mass were found to be ineffective measures of ejaculate size, but that macrolabic males lost more weight during copula than brachylabic males. This may be the result of differential investment in accessory ejaculate components between the morphs, as a result of the differing risk of sperm competition
單眼與複眼在蟑螂運動行為上的調控功能
No full text[[abstract]]Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, are equipped with ocelli and compound eyes. According to the principles of biological economy, the physiological role of ocelli and compound eyes should be different. Using computer-based image analysis the present study has compared the functional differences between ocelli and compound eyes by determining the ratio of light-avoiding reaction for phototaxis and by measuring the movement of antennae and legs, the velocity of insect locomotion for photokinesis.
Results from the phototaxic experiments showed that American cockroach behave with light-avoiding responses and the light-avoiding response is regulated by both ocelli and compound eyes. The effects of simultaneous illumination to ocelli and compound eyes on the light-avoiding response are synergetic. In photokinetic experiments, it is proved that both the movement of antennae and legs, and the velocity of insect locomotion conformed to the photokinetic characteristics. The effects of light-adaptation and cerci-stimulation on the movement of antennae and legs, and the velocity of insect locomotion are in a similar manner, however, the effects of the former is weaker than those of the latter. In addition, the effects of the simultaneous light-adaptation and cerci-stimulation on the swing degree of antennae, the stepping frequency of legs and the velocity of insect locomotion are synergetic.
Upon the regulation of the movement of antennae and legs, and the EMG recorded from antennae and legs during movement, ocelli and compound eyes perform simultaneously in the role of visual organs, but differently in some parameters. The regulatory effects of visual signals on the movement of antennae and legs depends on the different intensity of illumination. During insects’ escape induced by cerci-stimulation, the strength of legs’ movement(e.g. stepping distance) is regulated by the visual signals from compound eyes, then the other parameters (e.g. stepping velocity of retraction and the mean velocity of insect locomotion) was followed by the effects of stimulating compound eyes. After ceasing cerci-stimulation, the duration of movement of antennae and legs (e.g. swing duration of antennae and ratio of walking phase) is regulated by the visual signals from both ocelli and compound eyes, then the other parameters of movement (e.g. inward swing angular velocity of antennae and the mean velocity of insect locomotion) was followed by the effects of stimulating both ocelli and compound eyes. However, the effects of ocelli-illumination only on the parameters of movement during light-adaptation and light-stimulation are more consistent than those of compound eyes-illumination only.
In conclusion, results evidence that the regulatory functions of ocelli and compound eyes on the locomotion behavior are different. There are a complex interaction between ocelli and compound eyes with different co-regulation type among parameters. Furthermore, their regulatory effects vary according to the intensity and the timing of visual signals input, the locomotion condition of insect and whether other sensory inputs (e.g. tactile sensation from insect’s face) or not, they showed differently functional regulations.
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