10 research outputs found
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE AMONG NEONATES 0-28 DAYS OLD, IN KIAMBU LEVEL 5 HOSPITALS, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
No full textAbstract: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is the yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and sclera due excessive bilirubin deposition. Jaundice remains the leading cause of hospital readmission among the neonates in their first 2 weeks of life. Its mortality stands at 7% globally, despite various therapeutic and preventive measures put in place. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal jaundice in Kiambu county hospital. An analytical cross-sectional study design has been used in this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain the study participants and 270 participants were recruited into the study. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 28 through descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Out of 270 neonates in this study, 43.33% representing 117 neonates were diagnosed with neonatal Jaundice. Neonatal factors including; birth weight p=0.015, gestational age p<0.001, difficulty in breastfeeding p=0.001, duration of sunlight exposure p<0.001, and neonatal sepsis<0.001 were statistically significant. Statistically significant maternal factors include; use of alcohol during pregnancy p=0.005, antenatal infections p=0.003, and mode of delivery p=0.026. The maternal knowledge of neonatal jaundice was assessed as being adequate for most of the caregivers of the neonates. In conclusion, the prevalence of neonatal Jaundice in Kiambu County hospital was relatively high at 43.33%. The associated risk factors include neonatal gestational age, neonatal sepsis, difficulty breastfeeding, duration of sunlight exposure, maternal antenatal infections, mode of delivery, and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Rigorous maternal education on prevention of neonatal jaundice is recommended during the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period. Further research on prevalence and risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice in other county referral hospitals in Kenya is recommended.
Keywords: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ), yellowish discoloration. sunlight exposure, maternal antenatal infections.
Title: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE AMONG NEONATES 0-28 DAYS OLD, IN KIAMBU LEVEL 5 HOSPITALS, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
Author: Rodney Mutai, Mose Francis, Nathan Okworo, Eric Boaz Kipkorir, Gloria Towett
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023
Page No: 26-47
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 16-August-2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252362
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/PREVALENCE%20AND%20RISK%20FACTORS-16082023-5.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Correction:An exploration of mortality risk factors in non-severe pneumonia in children using clinical data from Kenya. [BMC Med. 15, (2017) (201)] DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0963-9
No full textThe original article [1] contains an omission in the Acknowledgements sub-section of the Declarations. The authors would like to acknowledge the work of the following members of the Clinical Information Network Author Group: David Githanga, Fred Were, Philip Ayieko, Grace Irimu, Sam Akech, Samuel Ng'arng'ar, Barnabas Kigen, Rachel Inginia, Nick Aduro, Grace Ochieng, Beatrice Mutai, Francis Kanyingi, Lydia Thuranira, Sam Otido, Magdalene Kuria, Peris Njiiri, Kigondu Rutha, Charles Nzioki, Martin Chabi, Supa Tonje, Joan Ondere, Caren Emadau, Cecelia Mutiso, Loice Mutai, Christine Manyasi, David Kimutai, Celia Muturi, Agnes Mithamo, Anne Kamunya, Alice Kariuki, Grace Wachira, Melab Musabi, Sande Charo, Naomi Muinga, Mercy Chepkirui, Wycliffe Nyachiro, Boniface Makone, Thomas Julius, George Mbevi, Morris Ogero, Susan Gachau, and James Wafula.</p
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Oknum Buruh Spsi Pelaku Pemerasan Diwilayah Hukum Polresta Pekanbaru
No full textABSTRACT As time goes by, crimes committed by humans are increasingly rampant, but the potential for crimes committed by humans is increasingly growing. Like what happened when Ade centeng als ade centeng bin imbron together with Ade murai (not yet caught) exactly what happened on Monday 16 September 2019 at around 01.15 WIT exactly on Jalan Tuanku Tembusai, Marpoyan Damai sub-district, Pekanbaru city or somewhere else in the area. the legal authority of the Pekanbaru Police, which has the authority to carry out inquiries, investigations, arrests, up to the stage of arrest. Ade Imbron, together with his friend Ade Murai, carried out blackmail and robbery against victims Rony in a hurry and Adre in a hurry when they passed from Arsh Jalan Tuanku Tembusai, Pekanbaru City using a pick-up truck. The main problem in preventing the occurrence of extortion and confiscation carried out by either thugs or unscrupulous workers, the police use various methods such as those used by the Pekanbaru Police to prevent the occurrence of both extortion crimes and confiscation. Raziah) and outreach to the community. The research method was to obtain accurate data. The author conducted research in two places on Jalan Tuanku Tembusai, Marpoyan Peace sub-district, Pekanbaru City, where extortion and plundering occurred which were carried out by Ade Murai and Ade Umbron against Rony-butarbutar and Adre-butar Pekanbaru Police as the investigative team, investigation and reached the stage of detention. From the results of the investigation, inquiry, up to the trial stage at the Pekanbaru City State Court, Ade Imbron and Ade Mutai were proven guilty of violating the law because they were proven to have committed blackmail and confiscation of Rony Butar-Butar-Butar and Adre Butar-Butar and the judge caught Ade Imbron and Ade Muras in a noose. Article 368 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code and was sentenced to nine years in prison Keyword
Never be silent : publishing & imperialism in Kenya, 1884-1963
Get PDFSocial communications are central to any social struggle. There is a sizable body of literature from other countries on the use of oral medium, newspapers, books and other forms of communications being used as tools for organising against a powerful enemy, as a training ground for cadres and for clarifying and developing revolutionary theory, ideology, organisation and practice. All this ensures a greater unity among those resisting oppression and exploitation. Thus revolutionary and liberation forces of Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China, and in Vietnam had developed theories and practices of revolutionary publishing as part of their revolutionary work. This has also been the case during anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles in Africa, but very little of this has been systematically documented as an aspect of revolutionary communications policy and practice. While the
colonial communications systems have been reasonably well documented, the resistance communication systems remain largely undocumented and ignored. This book is an initial attempt to document this dynamic communications process in Kenya with its external struggles against colonialism and its complex internal struggles with overlaying divisions of race and class, Kenyan and foreign peoples. The main theme emerging from this experience is that people struggling to change their society always find ways of establishing their own system of communicating with the people they lead
and by whom they are led. Their mission of revolution, of change, of peace, of social and economic justice requires that they should never be silent. This was well understood and practised by the liberation forces in Kenya. They
were never silent
Organic thionitroso compounds
Get PDFA series of novel N-substituted phthalimide-2-sulplienamides was prepared. The N-aryl analogues were shown to be efficient precursors to thionitrosoarenes. Extension of the methodology to heteroaroraatic and acyl derivatives was unsuccessful, with the exception of 3-thionitroso- pyridine, the first known thionitrosoheteroarene. Thionitrosoarenes are shown to be versatile dienophiles and enophiles. Reactions with various substituted dienes proceeded with high stereoselectivity and some regioselectivity to afford 3,6-dihydro- 1,2-thiazines. Cycloadditions of thionitrosoarenes generated independently from imidosulphurous chloride precursors showed similar selectivities. The mechanism of cycloaddition is discussed in the light of molecular orbital calculations
The challenge of feminism in Kenya : towards an Afrocentric worldview
Get PDFThis study deals with African women's literature, and specifically creative writing by Kenyan women, in the context of feminism and Afrocentricity. In the words of Obioma Nnaemeka (1995) critics of African women's literature have tended to rename, misname or silence women's voices in an attempt to make them fit into a feminist! Afrocentricity either or mould. This thesis argues that when attention is paid to African women
themselves, and the cultures from which and within which they write, it is clear that they embrace both feminism and Afrocentricity. By feminism I refer to African women's vision and activism for sexual equality and women's liberation while by Afrocentricity I am thinking of their commitment and pride in their African cultures and
traditions.
The first chapter argues that Kenyan women, in pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial times, have been active and voiced in their stance against oppression of any kind. In the second chapter, I explore the relationship between feminism and Afrocentricity in a wider sense. I pay attention to the ways in which the two concepts have manifested themselves in Africa and her Diaspora as well as in the western world. In chapter three, domestic violence, rape, poverty, and a gender insensitive legal and judiciary
system are the dominant issues of concern to short stories writers from Kenya. In the fourth chapter, Ogot is seen as a liberal Afrocentric feminist in her call for African
women to create room for themselves within African systems of thought and practice. Chapter five, on Oludhe Macgoye, argues that to be Afrocentric is cultural rather than
racial. In Chapter six Rebeka Njau and Margaret Ogola are seen as Afrocentric while Tsitsi Dangarembga and Alice Walker are seen as Eurocentric. The thesis concludes that feminism in practice is not necessarily an occidental phenomenon. An African woman writer can be both feminist and Afrocentric
Contextually appropriate communication strategies for COVID-19 prevention in Kenya border regions : evidence from a mixed methods observational study in Busia and Mandera counties
Get PDFKenya has long and porous borders with its neighbouring countries. These regions, predominantly inhabited by highly mobile rural communities with strong cross-border cultural ties, present major challenges in managing movement of people and COVID-19 preventive measures. Our study sought to assess knowledge of COVID-19 prevention behaviours, how these varied by socioeconomic (SEC) factors and the challenges of engagement and implementation, in two border counties of Kenya. We conducted a mixed methods study using a household e-survey (Busia, N=294; Mandera, N=288; 57% females, 43% males), and qualitative telephone interviews (N=73: Busia 55; Mandera 18) with policy actors, healthcare workers, truckers and traders, and community members. Interviews were transcribed, English translated and analysed using the framework method. Associations between SEC (wealth quintiles, educational level) and knowledge of COVID-19 preventive behaviours were explored using Poisson regression. Participants were mostly educated to primary school level (54.4% Busia, 61.6% Mandera). Knowledge of COVID-19 prevention varied by behaviour: hand washing-86.5%, use of hand sanitiser-74.8%, wearing a face mask-63.1%, covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing-56.3% and social distancing-40.1%. Differences in knowledge by area, educational level and the wealth index were marked, greatest for Mandera, the less educated and the poor. Interviews with stakeholders revealed challenges in health messaging, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, lack of preparedness for truck border crossings, language barrier, denial and livelihood insecurity as key challenges to engagement with and implementation of COVID-19 prevention behaviours in the border regions. The influence of SEC disparities and border dynamics on knowledge and engagement with COVID-19 prevention behaviours calls for contextually appropriate risk communication strategies that are cognisant of community needs and local patterns of information flow. Coordinating response measures across border points is crucial in winning communities' trust and maintaining essential economic and social activities. [Abstract copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
Bifidobacteria on the spot: a genomics approach on population dynamaics and interactions in the intestinal tract
No full textThis thesis combines comprehensive microarray-based studies contributing to a better understanding of the role of bifidobacteria in relation to the human host. It reviews recently described modes of interaction between bifidobacteria and human gastrointestinal cells and highlights the unique characteristics of the genus Bifidobacterium that are indicative for its role in our gut. A microarray platform has been developed that enables genomic comparison of Bifidobacterium species originating from our gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Based on the obtained high-resolution data, species-unique genomic sequences could be identified. A large fraction of these predicted genes encode proteins belonging to the bifidobacterial glycobiome. An unique ability of the microarray platform is to zoom in on the strain level. Direct mapping of genomic hybridization patterns was applied on different B. breve isolates. This revealed a relatively high genomic variation, testifying for the existence of various subspecies within the species B. breve. Clustering of the same hybridization patterns resulted in clear grouping of isolates originating from the same infant, indicating specific niche adaption. Additionally, DNA extracts from Bifidobacterium populations from different infant fecal samples were analyzed. This enabled the analysis of the bifidobacterial population dynamics in breast- and formula-fed infants. The applied microarray platform showed the potential to monitor temporal development and effects of dietary regimens. The observed differences in the composition of bifidobacterial populations could be linked to dietary effects. Additionally, mapping of hybridization patterns enabled monitoring shifts in genomic content within one bifidobacterial species in time. Sequence analysis of DNA fragments showing discriminating hybridization characteristics, resulted in the selection of genes that are either conserved or strain-specific within the species B. breve. Next to studying genomic variation, transcript profiling experiments in both bifidobacterial cells and human intestinal epithelial cell lines were performed. Analysis of bifidobacterial transcriptional responses provided clear proof of transcriptional activity in bifidobacterial cells isolated from infant feces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of in situ activity of bifidobacteria in the human GIT. Furthermore, our results indicate a link between transcription patterns and the infants’ diet, as bifidobacteria in fecal samples from breast-fed infants showed differential transcriptional responses in comparison to those in fecal samples from formula-fed infants. Additionally, transcript sequence analysis revealed expression of genes that are homologous to genes known to be involved in folate production, testifying for the production of this important vitamin in early life. Finally, transcriptome analysis on human intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs) showed species-specific suppression by B. breve M-16V of genes upregulated by TNF-α. Other B. breve strains showed an extreme mild or no effect on TNF-α stimulation. Although we did not observe complete suppression of the TNF effect, we could show that apoptotic and immune regulatory pathways were affected by incubation with cells of B. breve M-16V. In conclusion, the work presented in the thesis, which formed part of a larger IOP Genomics project, contributed to an advanced insight in the interaction between bifidobacteria and the human host. Furthermore, it resulted in the development of genome-based molecular platforms suited for analyzing genomic diversity between and within species, as well as population dynamics in complex microbial communities. We anticipate that the molecular approaches pioneered in this thesis will be instrumental in the further elucidation of the host-microbe interactions in the GIT of human an other animals. <br/
Examining the effectiveness of zinc treatment in children admitted with diarrhoea in Kenya’s public hospitals: an observational comparative effectiveness study
Get PDFPlants and wound healing in Uganda: A mixed methods study
Get PDFIn Uganda, many people rely on traditional healers and medicinal plants for their health needs including managing wounds. To date no studies have been published regarding the local Ugandan practice of the use of medicinal plants for wound healing. This study was undertaken to document Ugandan local knowledge of wound healing, the preparation, administration and identification of local medicinal plants.
The mixed methods study comprised three phases:
1. A literature review of the existing literature on plants and wound healing employing systematic techniques.
2. Fieldwork where forty consenting traditional practitioners and local knowledge experts in South Western Uganda were interviewed about their knowledge of wound healing and participated in quantitative surveys regarding medicinal plant use.
3. The interviews and surveys yielded knowledge of wound healing and a list of plants used from which three were selected for relevant phytochemical assays in the laboratory work phase.
The literature review found nine studies that reported on the use of medicinal plants for wound healing in Uganda. The interviews provided data which demonstrated that respondents possessed knowledge of the definition, classification, and diagnosis of wounds. The ethnobotanical survey revealed 38 plants as being important for treatment of wounds. The most represented families were Asteraceae (26.3%) and Solanaceae (15.8%); Bidens pilosa L, Musa paradisiaca L., solenostemon latifolius, Ageratum conyzoides L., Hoslundia opposita Vahl. and Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze were the most widely used. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the extraction efficiency through presence of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds and demonstrated antioxidant activity of the plant extract.
Ultimately, this thesis uses the mixed methods approach to gain a fuller and more complete understanding of the research questions. It also demonstrates evidence for the use of selected medicinal plants for wound healing in South Western Uganda and gives a description of the category of professionals involved in traditional medicine using medicinal plants
