11 research outputs found
Effects of Team‐Based Learning on Fixed Prosthodontic Education in a Japanese School of Dentistry
No full text
Common Lyapunov Function Based on Kullback–Leibler Divergence for a Switched Nonlinear System
No full textMany problems with control theory have led to investigations into switched systems. One of the most urgent problems related to the analysis of the dynamics of switched systems is the stability problem. The stability of a switched system can be ensured by a common Lyapunov function for all switching modes under an arbitrary switching law. Finding a common Lyapunov function is still an interesting and challenging problem. The purpose of the present paper is to prove the stability of equilibrium in a certain class of nonlinear switched systems by introducing a common Lyapunov function; the Lyapunov function is based on generalized Kullback–Leibler divergence or Csiszár′s I-divergence between the state and equilibrium. The switched system is useful for finding positive solutions to linear algebraic equations, which minimize the I-divergence measure under arbitrary switching. One application of the stability of a given switched system is in developing a new approach to reconstructing tomographic images, but nonetheless, the presented results can be used in numerous other areas.journal articl
Association Between Physical Function and Edentulism in Older Adults : Findings from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014
No full textThis study aimed to determine the association between physical function and edentulism among older adults. The fifth wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) data was used. Physical function was evaluated through physical performance, physical capability, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Edentulous was found in 10.96% of 2554 older adults. Low physical performance (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.32-3.09; P = .001) was shown to be associated with edentulism in the 60 to 69 age group. In the 70 to 79 age group, both low physical performance (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.53; P = .033) and 1 dependency in ADL/IADL (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-2.98; P = .04) were significantly associated with edentulism. Two or more dependencies in ADL/IADL (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.15-13.99; P = .029) demonstrated significant association with edentulism in older adults ≥80 years. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining natural teeth and improving oral health during the aging process.doctoral thesi
International Survey Regarding Oral Health Care in Facilities for Elderly in the Dental Hygiene Student Exchange Program
No full textBackground: In 2010, Tokushima University School of Dentistry concluded an academic agreement with Metropolia University of Applied Sciences (Metropolia UAS), which offers degree programs of oral health in Finland. We have collaborated through the student exchange program to foster the knowledge of future global dental hygienists in both schools. In this study, we carried out a survey on the attitude of the dental hygiene students regarding oral health care in facilities for the elderly to develop a new international education program for dental hygiene students.
Materials and Methods: The questionnaire on oral health care in facilities for the elderly was given out to the exchange students of Metropolia UAS and students of Tokushima University. Ninety-one (91) dental hygiene students of Metropolia UAS and fifty-six (56) dental hygiene students of Tokushima University participated in this study and statistical analysis were carried out.
Results: One hundred forty-seven (147) students from both schools participated in the survey. 80.2% of the students from Metropolia UAS and 69.6% of the students from Tokushima University chose “Moderate” and “Bad” to the questions of “What is your opinion about the current state of oral health care in health care facilities for the elderly?”. There was no statistically significant difference in the answer to the question “Could you work in a health care facility for the elderly as a dental hygienist?” from students of both schools. There was also a statistically significant difference observed by Chi-squared test in the answer of “Do you think that your knowledge of oral health care for the elderly is sufficient?” and the answers of free writing which suggested that Metropolia UAS students have a more positive attitude towards the knowledge of oral health care for the elderly than Tokushima University students.
Conclusion: The results of this international questionnaire survey suggested that many students of Metropolia UAS can be considered to have enough knowledge of oral health care for elderly when compared with students of Tokushima University.journal articl
Educational effects using a robot patient simulation system for development of clinical attitude
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of improving the attitude of dental students toward the use of a full-body patient simulation system (SIMROID) compared to the traditional mannequin (CLINSIM) for dental clinical education.
Materials and methods: The participants were 10 male undergraduate dental students who had finished clinical training in the university hospital 1 year before this study started. They performed a crown preparation on an upper premolar tooth using SIMROID and CLINSIM as the practical clinical trials. The elapsed time for preparation was recorded. The taper of the abutment teeth was measured using a 3-dimensional shape-measuring device after this trial. In addition, a self-reported questionnaire was collected that included physical pain, treatment safety, and maintaining a clean area for each simulator. Qualitative data analysis of a free format report about SIMROID was performed using text-mining analysis. This trial was performed twice at 1-month intervals.
Results: The students considered physical pain, treatment safety, and a clean area for SIMROID significantly better than that for CLINSIM (P < 0.01). The elapsed time of preparation in the second practical clinical trial was significantly lower than in the first for SIMROID and CLINSIM (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences between the abutment tapers for both systems. For the text-mining analysis, most of the students wrote that SIMROID was similar to real patients.
Conclusion: The use of SIMROID was proven to be effective in improving the attitude of students toward patients, thereby giving importance to considerations for actual patients during dental treatment.journal articl
There is an Association between Gingival Inflammation and Obesity in Japanese Male Adolescents
No full textBackground: There are few studies showing the association between obesity and gingivitis in young male adolescents. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between gingivitis and obesity in addition to life style habits among male high school students.
Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 1,027 1st-year male high school students (15-16 years old) in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Regular health checkup and oral examination were performed. Items regarding oral health behavior and eating habits were investigated through a self-reported questionnaire. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the cross-sectional data. Moreover, 513 students who were recalled after two years were divided into 2 groups according to changes of BMI (<25 or ≥25) and their gingival condition, were investigated.
Results: Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that gingival inflammation was significantly associated with obesity (OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.08-2.95) in addition to malalignment and plaque accumulation. From this longitudinal study, a significant improvement of gingival conditions was observed in the improved group (McNemar's test, p<0.05) whereas no difference was observed in the non-improved group.
Conclusions: These results indicate that gingival inflammation was associated with obesity. Furthermore, improvement in the management of obesity might be effective for the prevention of gingival inflammation.journal articl
Validity of Peer Evaluation for Team-Based Learning in a Dental School in Japan
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the validity of peer evaluation for team-based learning (TBL) classes in dental education in comparison with the term-end examination records and TBL class scores. Examination and TBL class records of 256 third- and fourth-year dental students in six fixed prosthodontics courses from 2013 to 2015 in one dental school in Japan were investigated. Results of the term-end examination during those courses, individual readiness assurance test (IRAT), group readiness assurance test (GRAT), group assignment projects (GAP), and peer evaluation of group members in TBL classes were collected. Significant positive correlations were found between all combinations of peer evaluation, IRAT, and term-end examination. Individual scores also showed a positive correlation with group score (total of GRAT and GAP). From the investigation of the correlations in the six courses, significant positive correlations between peer evaluation and individual score were found in four of the six courses. In this study, peer evaluation seemed to be a valid index for learning performance in TBL classes. To verify the effectiveness of peer evaluation, all students have to realize the significance of scoring the team member’s performance. Clear criteria and detailed instruction for appropriate evaluation are also required.journal articl
Comparison between flipped classroom and team-based learning in fixed prosthodontic education
No full textPurpose: We previously investigated the effects of team-based learning (TBL) on fixed prosthodontic education and reported that TBL could have higher efficiency with high student satisfaction than traditional lecture. In the current report, we introduced flipped classroom to the fixed prosthodontic education and compared their effectiveness based on the final examination score in addition to TBL.
Methods: Participants were forty-one students from XXXXXX University School of Dentistry who attended a fixed prosthodontics course. The first six classes adopted the flipped classroom style while the latter eight classes adopted TBL. To evaluate the relationship between learning styles and their effectiveness, we compared results from the term-end examination between the curriculum covered by flipped classroom and TBL-style classes. To draw comparisons, a referential examination with the same questions was conducted to eight faculty members who had not attended any of these classes.
Results: Term-end examination results showed that TBL classes had slightly higher scores than flipped classroom classes. Referential examination results also showed higher scores for the same curriculum and no significant interaction was found between class formats and the term-end and referential examination scores. Analysis revealed no noticeable difference in the effectiveness of the class formats.
Conclusion: Our previous study reported that TBL had higher efficiency than traditional style lecture. In the current study, there was no statistical difference in the examination score between flipped classroom and TBL. Therefore, we conclude that both styles are highly effective than traditional style lecture and constitute valid formats for clinical dental education.journal articl
