9 research outputs found
Sets, functions, measures., Volume I, Fundamentals of set and number theory / De Gruyter studies in mathematics ;, v. 68/1./ Valeriy K. Zakharov, Timofey V. Rodionov.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and indexes.1 online resource
The Annalistic Writing in Novgorod ca. 1200
No full textThe paper is concerned with the analysis of textual differences between the Elder and the Younger versions of the First Novgorodian Chronicle. The author shows that several groups of differences are concentrated in the same part of the text: in the annals for the 12th century. They increase toward the end of the century, are the most numerous in the annals for the 1190s, and never cross the edge of the annals for 1199/1200. This chronological boundary is very impressive and cannot be incidental. The differences in question are both supplementary readings of the Elder Version (notes on some events absent in the Younger Version, more detailed datings, etc.) and of the Younger Version (additional details on some events of the 1190s). The author shows that all these differences must be attributed to an editor active soon after 1199 (the Elder Version reflecting the state of the text before this editorial episode, and the Younger version reflecting the results of it). This conclusion enables the author to challenge Alexey Gippius’ (1997) and Alan Timberlake’s (2000) theories on the relationship of the texts in question, and to suggest a new, somewhat simpler theory
Annalistic Writing and the Development of Written Culture (Novgorod of the 11th and the First Half of the 12th Centuries)
Get PDFThe author studies key moments in the history of early Novgorodian annalistic writing in the context of other written practices in Novgorod. The first, very brief annalistic notes were made by clerics of the St. Sophia Cathedral in the middle of the 11th century, at the time when, in Novgorod, writing was becoming part of the everyday life of clerics as well as of the lay elite and the administration. The first systematic historical works (an annalistic compilation and a collection of lists) appear in the 1090s, when we see the spread of book production beyond St. Sophia and the start of the mass usage of princely seals. The beginning of the systematic keeping of annalistic records in the 1110s was probably stimulated by the creation and the revisions of the Primary Chronicle in Kiev but, at the same time, it is around 1117 that the posadnik’s seal appears, and this reflects a shift in the political balance in Novgorod. The 1130s were the time when the earliest extant documents granting lands, incomes, and privileges to church institutions were issued, and some other innovations in written culture also took place at around that time. In 1132 the annals previously kept for the prince passed to the control of the archbishop. Their content changed and official accusations relating to the behavior of princes began to be included. Thus, it was in the 1130s that the rights, privileges, and mutual positions of the actors in Novgorodian politics started to be fixed in writing
Рубеж XII–XIII вв. в новгородском летописании
Get PDFThe paper is concerned with the analysis of textual differences between the Elder and the Younger versions of the First Novgorodian Chronicle. The author shows that several groups of differences are concentrated in the same part of the text: in the annals for the 12th century. They increase toward the end of the century, are the most numerous in the annals for the 1190s, and never cross the edge of the annals for 1199/1200. This chronological boundary is very impressive and cannot be incidental. The differences in question are both supplementary readings of the Elder Version (notes on some events absent in the Younger Version, more detailed datings, etc.) and of the Younger Version (additional details on some events of the 1190s). The author shows that all these differences must be attributed to an editor active soon after 1199 (the Elder Version reflecting the state of the text before this editorial episode, and the Younger version reflecting the results of it). This conclusion enables the author to challenge Alexey Gippius’ (1997) and Alan Timberlake’s (2000) theories on the relationship of the texts in question, and to suggest a new, somewhat simpler theory.В статье рассматриваются разночтения между старшим и младшим изводами Новгородской I летописи. Их систематический анализ показывает, что разночтения нескольких типов концентрируются в тексте за XII в., нарастая по мере приближения к его окончанию. Особенно много их в статьях 1190-х годов. Речь идет о более пространных чтениях как старшего извода (до пол ни тельные известия, более подробные датировки и др.), так и младшего (до полнительные детали в статьях 1190-х годов). При этом разночтения указанных групп никогда не переходят границу статей 1199–1200 гг. Автор показывает, что данные разночтения следует атрибутировать редактору, работавшему после1199 г., причем в Новгородской I летописи старшего извода до нас дошел старый вариант текста, в младшем изводе — результат деятельности этого редактора. Это позволяет объяснить соотношение текстов двух изводов Новгородской I летописи несколько проще, чем это предлагается в работах А. А. Гиппиуса (1997) и А. Тимберлейка (2000)
Structure and style : an approach to characterization in Nabokov's English novels : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English at Massey University
Get PDFNabokov was both teacher and artist, and this study
examines his own views about writing and reading, as contained
in his published lectures and interviews, in order to approach
his literary practices in the English novels. For the
purposes of analysing the "architectonics of a text, Nabokov
distinguishes between two aspects of form: style ("the manner
of the author") and structure ("the planned pattern of a work,"
which includes both formal properties--conventions, techniques,
garre--and the arrangement of content--story development, the
"choice" and " interplay" of characters). Part One of this
thesis examines this distinction and its consequences in order
to explain the principles which underlie the self-conscious
strategies of Nabokov's wri ting. The paradoxical alliance of
artifice and realism in what he calls "the facts of fiction"
are related to his attitudes towards 'facts' and 'reality' in
life (Chapter One); the methods of his style, in their
contribution towards a continuing dialectic of forms, involve
distinctions between imitative and innovative styles, and
between impersonal and personal representations (Chapter Two);
his fiction embraces a variety of human discourse, from
scholarly research to art, and plays upon the distinctions
between non-fictive re-construction and artistic re-creation
(Chapter Three). Throughout the English novels, characters are
dramatized in a process of choosing styles which may or may not
conform to Nabokov's structural design but which represent the
"other selves" of personality. Nabokov's structuring of the
novels provides a critical perspective on these stylizations.
The descriptive framework outlined in Part One is the
basis for an account in Part Two of the particular relationships
which are established between structure and style in each of
the English novels. Nabokov's main approach is to present a
narrative through first-person narrators working within
non-fictive conventions of representation . This format is
used in The Rear Life of Sebastian Knight, Pnin, Lolita, Pale
Fire, Ada and Look at the Harlequins! In Bend Sinister and
Transparent Things, however, Nabokov presents the narrative
through omniscient and intrusive authorial figures. Chapters
Four and Five examine the differing narrative structures of
The Real Life of Sebastian Knight and Bend Sinister. In The
Real Life of Sebastian Knight Nabokov establishes a conflict
between the conventions of biography and V.'s stylizations;
this conflict suggests how V. functions as an imitative
novelist, identifying with an idealized portrait of artistic
sensibility. Bend Sinister brings together an outer triune of
author, work of art and reader with an inner triune of world,
totalitarian state and individual in order to explore the
analogies between an artistic " theatre of the mind" and self representation;
in particular, Nabokov's design reveals how
Krug's incomplete self-characterization contributes to his
downfall. Nabokov's structural exploration of "individual
reality" in Pnin (Chapter Six) also draws attention to the way
his narrator's 'biographical' portrait of Pnin is a form of
artistic impersonation; the narrator, together with Jack
Cockerell, is part of a "troika" of personalities, the "radix"
of which is the individual style of Timofey Pnin. Chapter
Seven analyses the way the differing narrative structures of
Pale Fire and Transparent Things play parodically with the
interrelationships and distinctions between artistic and
non-fictive representations. Finally, Chapter Eight offers
some suggestions about the ways in which Nabokov's structuring
of the three memoirs- -Lolita, Ada, and Look at the Harlequins!
--elaborates his concern with memory as the basis of "individual
reality.
Летописание и развитие письменной культуры (Новгород, XI – первая половина XII в.)
Get PDFThe author studies key moments in the history of early Novgorodian annalistic writing in the context of other written practices in Novgorod. The first, very brief annalistic notes were made by clerics of the St. Sophia Cathedral in the middle of the 11th century, at the time when, in Novgorod, writing was becoming part of the everyday life of clerics as well as of the lay elite and the administration. The first systematic historical works (an annalistic compilation and a collection of lists) appear in the 1090s, when we see the spread of book production beyond St. Sophia and the start of the mass usage of princely seals. The beginning of the systematic keeping of annalistic records in the 1110s was probably stimulated by the creation and the revisions of the Primary Chronicle in Kiev but, at the same time, it is around 1117 that the posadnik’s seal appears, and this reflects a shift in the political balance in Novgorod. The 1130s were the time when the earliest extant documents granting lands, incomes, and privileges to church institutions were issued, and some other innovations in written culture also took place at around that time. In 1132 the annals previously kept for the prince passed to the control of the archbishop. Their content changed and official accusations relating to the behavior of princes began to be included. Thus, it was in the 1130s that the rights, privileges, and mutual positions of the actors in Novgorodian politics started to be fixed in writing.В статье анализируются ключевые моменты ранней истории новгородского летописания в контексте других процессов в новгородской письменной культуре. Первые, очень краткие летописные записи были сделаны клириками Софийского собора в середине XI в. — в период, когда письмо начинает становиться частью повседневности как клириков, так и светской элиты и администрации. Первые систематические исторические сочинения — летописный свод и перечни-обзоры — предположительно были созданы в 1090‑е гг.; в это же время мы видим распространение книгописания за пределы софийского клира и начало массового использования вислой печати. В 1110‑х гг. началось ведение летописи из года в год, что, вероятно, связано с созданием и переработками в эти годы в Киеве “Повести временных лет”, и также совпадает по времени с началом использования посадничьей печати: всё это отражает изменение баланса политических сил в Новгороде. К 1130-м гг. относятся древнейшие сохранившиеся документы, гарантирующие владения, доходы и привилегии церковных институтов; тогда же происходят новые изменения в использовании печати. В 1132 г. летопись переходит из рук князя в руки архиепископа, ее содержание несколько меняется, и в ней начинают отражаться официальные обвинения Новгорода своим князьям. Создается впечатление, что 1130‑е гг. — это время, когда в Новгороде на письме начинают фиксироваться права, привилегии и взаимные позиции различных участников политического процесса
