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Improving Quality in Low- and Middle-Income Health Systems by Raising Expectations of Care
No full textA growing body of literature shows that the quality of healthcare experienced by people in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is remarkably poor. Effective systemic improvement approaches that can have large-scale impact are urgently needed. Though quality improvement usually focuses on the supply of healthcare, this doctoral work explores the potential of demand-side approaches that engage populations and raise expectations of care.
A thorough review of the theoretical and empirical literature on expectations of healthcare led to a new conceptual framework. This conceptual framework then drove an empirical examination of expectations of care in LMICs using the results of a 12-country internet survey. Internet users who made errors in entering webpages in 12 LMICs were sampled in August and September of 2017 using random domain intercept technology (RDITtm). A 24-question survey about experiences and perceptions of healthcare quality was administered. The survey included vignettes of hypothetical healthcare scenarios designed to describe poor quality care which were used to measure expectations of care. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a multivariable logistic regression based on the conceptual framework of expectations of care was fit to understand predictors of low expectations. A theory of change was then developed to better explore implications of translating the evidence into health system improvement strategies that raise expectations of care in LMICs.
The analysis of 17,996 surveys showed that over half of respondents have low expectations of healthcare and that male gender, low education, good self-reported health status and a history of discrimination in the healthcare system are associated with these low expectations. Though the gap in expectations is large, an examination of the literature suggests that several promising intervention types do exist that may raise expectations of health care and generate demand for quality care. Raising expectations is theorized to put demand-side pressure on health systems to improve when people preferentially use higher quality options and when they directly advocate for better services. Approaches that raise expectations and generate demand for quality care warrant more attention from the global quality improvement community and should be considered when planning national health system improvement strategies.Quality of care; expectations; healthcare expectations; LMIC, patient satisfaction; quality improvement; patient engagement; patient experience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Opportunities for Efficient, High-quality, and Integrated Care
No full textImproving global health outcomes
amidst fiscal constraints, climate crises, and pandemics is
a formidable challenge for governments worldwide. The
recently published WHO/World Bank 2023 UHC Global Monitoring
Report underscores a concerning reality: despite the goal of
universal health coverage (UHC), over half of the global
population, over 4.5 billion people, lacks full access to
quality health care. This pervasive lack of access is
coupled with significant financial hardship, with over 1
billion people facing catastrophic out-of-pocket health
spending, and nearly 17 percent of the global population
pushed into poverty due to health care costs (WHO andThe
World Bank 2023)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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