1,720,965 research outputs found
Human-Machine-Participation. On the success and shortcomings oft he hearing prosthesis cochlear implant.
No full textHuman - Machine - Participation. On the Success and the Shortcomings of the Hearing Prosthesis Cochlear Implant The recovery of hearing in deafness or profound hearing loss after a cochlear implant is nowadays the rule rather than the exception. However, next to the multiple success with the hearing prosthesis and the associated gain in freedom in professional, social and cultural participation, the person concerned encounter serious challenges. Many of those who have received a hearing prosthesis are burdened by years of strenuous practice in learning to understand with the cochlear implant. Beside this, cochlear users experience after-effects due to the implant surgery such as tinnitus, dizziness or impaired balance. Furthermore, they face a dependence on the few existing medical and technical experts for the care of their hearing prosthesis and a lack of local care concepts for necessary therapeutic support. They also meet various hearing barriers in their everyday life. People at an advanced age currently play a particularly important role due to the high number of fittings. In a reconstructive study, more than 70 people with a cochlear implant were interviewed by means of a guideline interview on their personal experiences with the operating clinics and their newly experienced social, cultural and professional participation in society. The results which were evaluated with the qualitative content analysis showed, on one hand, outstanding improvements in the communicative processes in the users’ direct surroundings. However, on the other hand, the high demands placed on the mastery of technology and a comprehensive personal responsibility in dealing with the hearing comprehension with the prosthesis, which was perceived as disconcerting, led to considerable burdens. This clearly showed the limits of human-machine-interaction
Mehr soziale Teilhabe für Hörgeschädigte durch Cochlea-Implantate? Zur Ambivalenz der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion und zum Stellenwert psycho-sozialer Begleitung
No full textZiel der Studie Cochlea-Implantate können Menschen mit einer erworbenen, progredient verlaufenden Ertaubung helfen, ihr Hörvermögen wiederzuerlangen. Die betroffenen Personen durchleben allerdings auch einen jahrelangen Prozess der Adaptation, in dem sie ein neues, technisch unterstütztes Hören lernen müssen. Die Studie zeigt, wie Betroffene diesen Prozess erleben und ob ihre Erwartungen an das Implantat erfüllt werden. Methodik Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie wurden 50 Cochlea-Implantat-Träger innen in einem Leitfaden-gestützten Interview befragt. 30 Personen wurden über den Kontakt zu Selbsthilfegruppen rekrutiert, weitere 20 Personen über ein Hörzentrum nach Vermittlung durch einen leitenden Audiologen. Die Interviewten gaben Auskunft über ihre persönlichen Erfahrungen mit den operierenden Kliniken, über das Erleben der sozialen, kulturellen und beruflichen Teilhabe sowie über die auch nach der CI-Versorgung bestehenden Hörbarrieren im Alltag. Die Befragten trugen die Hörprothese maximal drei Jahre, ein Zeitrahmen, innerhalb dessen die meisten der Folgetherapien beendet sind und der initiale Lernprozess mit dem CI als abgeschlossen gilt. Ergebnisse Auch mit einem Cochlea-Implantat bleiben Kommunikationshindernisse bestehen. Erwartungen eines vollen Hörverstehens im Freundes- und Bekanntenkreis werden nur bedingt erfüllt. Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit einer hochtechnisierten Hörprothese sowie das Erleben als „Fremdkörper“ erschweren die Akzeptanz eines CIs. Schlussfolgerung Die Beratung in der Versorgung mit Cochlea-Implantaten sollte sich an realistischen Zielen und Erwartungen orientieren. Die Versorgung mit einem CI lässt sich verbessern, wenn angeleitete Hörtrainings und Kommunikationsangebote ausgeweitet werden. Auch können ortsnahe Versorgungsstrukturen wie zum Beispiel über zertifizierte Hörakustiker einbezogen werden und dabei helfen, Unsicherheiten abzubauen
Erfahrungen von Menschen mit Long COVID bei ihrer ärztlichen Begleitung und im sozialen Umfeld
No full textHow do people with long COVID utilize COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation services and what are their experiences with these services? results of a qualitative study with 48 participants from Germany
No full textAbstract
Background
Studies estimate that at least 7.5% of adults are affected by long-term symptoms such as fatigue or cognitive impairment after the acute phase of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination may reduce the risk of long COVID. Rehabilitation can have a positive impact on recovery. This study aims to present the experiences of people with long COVID with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Such research is important because perceptions of these measures can impact healthcare utilization and health status.
Methods
48 adults with long COVID participated in this qualitative study, 25 of them in one-on-one interviews and 23 in focus groups. Participants were recruited via calls for participation on the websites and social media channels of two university hospitals and with the help of respondents’ networks. The conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, the results were compared, interpreted, and discussed by scientific literature.
Results
35 study participants reported that they had received a COVID-19 vaccination and 16 of them stated that they had utilized a rehabilitation service. These participants had varying experiences with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Nine of them stated that they developed long COVID despite vaccination before COVID-19. Ten participants reported vaccine reactions, and two participants reported severe side effects. Two participants reported persistent deterioration of their long COVID symptoms after vaccination. This led to uncertainty about the safety, benefits, and handling of COVID-19 vaccination. However, most participants perceived the vaccine as effective regarding milder COVID-19 sequelae. Four participants felt their rehabilitation was helpful and four participants felt it was unhelpful. Two persons found the combination of inpatient rehabilitation and rehabilitation sport helpful.
Conclusions
Several implications can be derived from this study: (1) researchers should explore the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on long COVID symptoms; (2) vaccination campaigns should be more responsive to the perspectives of people with long COVID on vaccination; (3) care planners should build rehabilitation facilities specialized in long COVID; (4) rehabilitation providers should train their professionals regarding long COVID and develop rehabilitation programs tailored to different clinical pictures.
Trial registration
German register for clinical trials DRKS00026007, 09 September 2021.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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