1,720,974 research outputs found
Przekonania a gotowość do agresji kobiet skazanych za popełnienie przestępstwa z użyciem przemocy
Full text linkIn the last 30 years in Poland, the number of female suspects and women convicted of engaging in aggressive crime has significantly increased. At the same time Poland faced a number of socio-cultural changes, which led to changes of stereotypes and beliefs in society and probably also affected the increase of women's aggressiveness.
The goal of this PhD Thesis was to analyze the relationship between the beliefs of women committing violent crimes and their readiness for aggression. Three patterns of readiness are distinguished: emotional-impulsive, habitual-cognitive and personality-immanent.
The research used a sample of 173 women, who were detained in a prison or custody; women were then divided into two groups. The basic study group, (group A), included 96 accused or convicted of a violent crime, while the comparative group, (group B), included 77 women convicted of committing a non-violent crime. The study was conducted by the questionnaire method.
Research examined the differences between imprisoned female offenders of violent crimes and women convicted of non-violent crimes in three patterns of readiness for interpersonal aggression and particular beliefs of the respondents concerning themselves, the world, people, and time frames. Furthermore, the dissertation determined risk factors and mechanisms shaping the high intensity of individual forms of readiness for aggression of women detained for committing crimes involving violence.
The research revealed that women detained for committing crimes with the use of violence show a higher intensity of emotional-impulsive, habitual-cognitive, and personality-immanent readiness for aggression than the female perpetrators of crimes that do not bear the marks of violence. Among the cognitive variables, the strongest associated with readiness for aggression were present and future temporal orientations, the dimension of psychological masculinity, revenge and active entitlement, and self-esteem. Conducted regression analysis indicated that the most important predictors of emotional-impulsive readiness for aggression were: youth age, the high present hedonistic and a low past-positive time perspectives. The most important predictors of habitual-cognitive readiness for aggression turned out to be the
dimension of psychological masculinity, experiencing violence in childhood, and positive valuation of factors influencing the use of violence. The most important predictors of personality-immanent readiness for aggression were: experiencing violence in childhood, youth age, and the dimension of psychological masculinity.
The dissertation also presents detailed path models explaining partially the variability of each form of readiness for aggression. These models have obtained satisfactory matching indicators for empirical data.
The obtained results may be applied in the area of prophylactic, rehabilitation, and therapeutic interactions dedicated to women with high level of readiness for aggression in order to minimize the risk of taking criminal behaviors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Psychologiczne uwarunkowania przemocy w rodzinie : charakterystyka sprawców
Full text linkThe aim of the work was the analysis of psychological conditions of violence
in family. The author of the work was trying to find out which factors influence
violence in family. The attempt to explain the causes of the very phenomenon
was made from the perspective of its perpetrators. Little is known about the personality
of violence perpetrators, mechanisms and motives of their behaviour.
A characteristic of a typical profile and mechanisms of the functioning of violence
perpetrators, especially in close partner relationships is not an easy thing to
do. Family aggressors are unwilling to take tests, even if forced to do so by, for
instance, the court.
The aim of the research derived also from the necessity to verify the existing
data produced by the western authors in the conditions of the Polish economiccultural
reality. The very task seemed very important, because the majority of
studies on the characteristic and conditions of violence in family was conducted
in the Western Europe or the United States of America. Because of the cultural
differences and, above all, economic ones (a weaker material-living support of the
family) the risk factors of violence occurrence and its conditions were supposed
to shape differently.
In the research conducted, according to the theoretical assumptions, the attempt
was made to differentiate the types of violence perpetrators among the
group of 325 subjects, on the basis of the profile of selected personality features
and temperament. The statistical analysis was made to differentiate the group of
perpetrators in terms of individual variables. Finally, four groups of perpetrator
types differing from one another as to personality features and temperament were
distinguished. Group A included reactively aggressive ones, group B constituted
those of low preventive competences, group C was composed of psychopathicretaliatory
cases and group D involved the ones with a big adjustment potential.
Each group was characterized by a certain system of features. A characteristic
of the very types of violence perpetrators in family was made, taking into consideration, the course and conditions of the process of their socialisation, as well
as social, biopsychic and situational conditions of their functioning. Also, the attempt
was made to define the risk factors of violence perpetrators in each group
differentiated on the basis of the personality profile.
An important research task was to make analyses explaining the causes of
violence development in family in the whole group of violence perpetrators. In
so doing, the analysis of paths in the explorative version was used. The choice of
variables was inspired by the research results reported on in the theoretical part
and constituting the basis for the model of the research in question. The results
allowed for defining direct and indirect effects combining the variables and make
a causal interpretation of the influences between them in the environment of violence
acts in family. What was very important was a definition of the mechanisms
of physical and psychic violence development in family relations in a particular
difficult situation: marriage conflicts, adaptation problems, professional problems
as well as economic and living problems.
The results obtained can be regarded important because they constitute a step
ahead in understanding the mechanisms conditioning physical and psychic violence
in family. Essential findings derived from the analyses conducted concern
(1) the empirical analyses explaining violence development from the perspective
of violence perpetrators in family (little is known about the mechanisms and motives
of aggressor’s behaviour); (2) a distinction and characteristic of types of men
using violence against women in terms of personality features and temper of the
former, and the analyses of the mechanisms of the functioning of violence perpetrators
in different life situations; (3) the collection of the first empirical data to be
found in the Polish context on risk factors of the occurrence of the level of physical
and psychic violence in groups of perpetrator types differentiated on the basis of
their personality types; (4) a differentiation of important factors determining violence
in family, depending on personality features of violence perpetrator, type of
situation, and evaluation of difficult situations by violence perpetrator, and their
strategy of dealing with a given situation.
The very work does not exhaust all problems connected with an attempt to
answer the question on factors conditioning violence occurrence in family. There
are many research areas which, when examined, could allow for deepening the
knowledge on the predeterminants of the occurrence of violence acts. These involve
searching for the factors shaping script experiences of violence perpetrators
and their influence on perception of marriage conflicts and ways of dealing with
them, as well as looking for the factors shaping particular personality types of
aggressors. The studies on the regulation of violence perpetrator behaviour and
their inclination for aggressive behaviours should also refer to the value systems
of aggressors. It is also necessary to conduct the research on the specific dynamics
of the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator from the perspective of
the victim and violence perpetrator
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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