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Eimeria acervulina infection and amino acid nutrition in broiler chickens
Get PDFCoccidiosis, caused by intestinal protozoan parasites of genus Eimeria, continues to be one of the most widespread and economically important diseases in commercial poultry production. A series of four experiments were conducted to evaluate the interrelationships of Eimeria acervulina infection and amino acid (AA) nutrition in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA, and plasma concentrations of AA, carotenoids, and α1-acid glycoprotein, an acute-phase protein, were evaluated in broilers inoculated with graded doses of E. acervulina oocysts. With the exception of Trp and Gly, AID of all AA decreased linearly or quadratically with increasing infection dose. The greatest reductions were observed for Cys, Ala, Val, Ser, and Thr. Plasma AA levels generally did not correspond with reductions in AID, with decreases observed for Arg, Tyr, Gln, and Asn and increases observed for Lys, Leu, Ile, Val, Pro, and Orn. Plasma α1-acid glycoprotein of broilers was not influenced by E. acervulina infection. In Experiment 2, the effects of supplementing copper, which can influence nutrient utilization, in diets of varying in AA density (low and high) on growth performance, apparent metabolizable energy, nutrient digestibility, and plasma carotenoids were evaluated in broiler chicks infected with E. acervulina. Growth performance of broilers fed the high AA density diets was improved compared with those fed low AA density diets. Copper supplementation generally improved pre-inoculation feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed low AA density diets. Eimeria infection markedly reduced plasma carotenoids, growth performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and nutrient digestibility of broilers, with little influence of dietary AA density or copper supplementation. Various interactions among AA density, copper supplementation, and infection status were observed for AID of AA. Experiment 3 included 2 separate trials that were conducted to determine if E. acervulina infection affected the potential for individual AA to become limiting in low crude protein diets fed to broilers, as indicated by growth performance, plasma carotenoids, and gene expression of intestinal cytokines during the acute and recovery phases of infection. A low crude protein diet that adequately supported broiler growth and allowed flexibility to formulate large reductions in individual AA concentrations was validated. Broilers were then fed the validated diet with equal (40%) reductions in individual or pairs of metabolically-related AA (Met + Cys, Lys, Thr, Val, Ile, Arg, Phe + Tyr, and Gly + Ser). The impact of E. acervulina on growth performance varied among the dietary groups, but the overall relative ranking of growth responses to AA reductions was similar for infected and uninfected birds. Intestinal cytokine responses to E. acervulina were not influenced by any of the dietary AA reductions. Experiment 4 evaluated the effects of feeding high (1.23% digestible) or low (0.74% digestible) Arg diets during the acute and recovery phases of E. acervulina infection on broiler growth and plasma levels of carotenoids, AA, urea, and nitric oxide, an important molecule in the immune response to Eimeria infection for which Arg is the key substrate. Plasma ratios of Arg:Lys indicated that dietary reduction of Arg induced antagonism between these two AA, regardless of infection status. In contrast to Experiment 1, plasma levels of both Arg and Lys of birds fed the high Arg diet were increased with infection, but the relatively larger increase in Lys led to a lower plasma Arg:Lys ratio for infected birds. Infection had minimal effects on plasma levels of these AA in birds fed the low Arg diet. Dietary Arg reduction did not inhibit the large E. acervulina-induced increase in plasma nitric oxide for birds at peak infection, but did affect plasma nitric oxide at lower levels observed is uninfected birds and in infected birds after recovery. Overall, this research demonstrates that E. acervulina-induced losses in broiler growth performance extend beyond reduced AA digestibility and identifies potential inefficiencies in AA metabolism that arise during coccidiosis.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-03-02 without embargo termsThe student, Samuel Rochell, accepted the attached license on 2015-11-23 at 15:53.The student, Samuel Rochell, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-11-23 at 16:04.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-11-24 at 14:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8828 on 2016-03-02 at 12:50:21Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T19:33:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-2
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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