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Efeito do alimento contaminado com cobre sobre o ciclo de vida e produção secundária de Daphnia laevis
No full textWith the advance of industrialization, there was an increase in the quantity of substances discharged in nature without treatment. Many of these substances are toxic and can cause adverse effects to aquatic biota, and may affect the rest of the food chain, including humans. For better understanding of the effects of contamination, there is a growing progress in the study of exposure of organisms of different trophic levels of the contaminant and monitoring changes in their development and reproduction. Copper, an
essential element at low concentrations, can cause adverse effects in higher concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in a zooplankton species, Daphnia laevis (Crustacea, Cladocera) fed with algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) previously exposed to different concentrations
of copper. The accumulation of metal was measured both in algae and in cladoceran. The animals were monitored throughout its life cycle through the testing of chronic toxicity and through bionomic parameters and calculation of
their secondary production, the treatments were compared to a control. The results suggest that exposure to contaminated food directly influence the reproduction of animals, and found significant statistical differences (p <0.05) in the total number of eggs and neonates produced over the life of the animal.
Another parameter that was affected significantly was the secondary production of animals, where changes were observed mainly in the investment to reproduction, affecting the total secondary production. Through the results, consider the importance of the capture of copper through the food and how the secondary production, although very important, is not explored in ecotoxicological studies.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCom o avanço da industrialização, houve um aumento na quantidade de substâncias despejadas sem tratamento na natureza. Muitas destas substâncias são tóxicas e podem causar efeitos adversos à biota aquática, podendo atingir o resto da cadeia trófica, incluindo o homem. Para a melhor
compreensão dos efeitos da contaminação, há um crescente avanço no estudo da exposição de organismos de diferentes níveis tróficos ao contaminante e o acompanhamento de mudanças no seu desenvolvimento e reprodução. O cobre, elemento essencial em baixas concentrações, pode causar efeitos negativos em concentrações mais elevadas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mudanças ocorridas em uma espécie zooplanctônica, Daphnia laevis (Crustacea, Cladocera), alimentada com algas (Pseudokirchneriella
subcapitata) previamente expostas a diferentes concentrações de cobre. O acúmulo de metal foi quantificado tanto na alga quanto no cladócero. Os animais foram acompanhados durante todo o seu ciclo de vida através da
realização de testes de toxicidade crônica e, através de parâmetros bionômicos e cálculo de sua produção secundária, os tratamentos foram comparados a um controle. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a exposição ao alimento
contaminado influenciou diretamente na reprodução dos animais, sendo encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes (p<0,05) no número total de ovos e de neonatos produzidos ao longo da vida do animal. Outro parâmetro
que foi afetado significantemente foi a produção secundária dos animais, onde foram observadas mudanças principalmente no investimento destinado à reprodução, afetando a produção secundária total. Através dos resultados obtidos, consideramos a importância da captura do cobre através do alimento e de como a produção secundária, embora muito importante, é pouco explorada nos trabalhos ecotoxicológicos
Composição bioquímica de organismos planctônicos visando à aplicação em aquicultura
No full textAquaculture is an activity of great importance in food production, but fish survival in post- larval stages represents a big challenge. Artemia sp. is successfully used as live food, but is expensive and one of the alternatives to reduce costs is to use native species, such as natural zooplankton and fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, phylogenetically close to A. salina. This study examined how changes in nutritional conditions affect the algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis, and the biochemical composition of D. brasiliensis, Artemia sp. and Daphnia magna. Moreover, we studied how different combinations of food affect the biochemical composition of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The results showed that the availability of phosphorus and copper alter the biochemical composition of algae and affect the production of chlorophyll, growth rates and resistance to metal; D. brasiliensis showed good results in terms of the content of carbohydrates and protein, and a change in the lipid composition according to sex and stage of development of animals; cod showed better results when feed on wild zooplankton added to the cultivated and enriched organisms (rotifers and Artemia) in tanks. Based on these results, we conclude that the environment and nutrient availability in the case of microalgae, affects the biochemical composition and ability to handle contaminants. The biochemical composition of zooplankton can affect higher trophic levels, affecting both the biochemical composition. For these reasons, it is important to know the optimal cultivation conditions in order to achieve the best results in each trophic level.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisA aquicultura é uma atividade de grande importância na produção de alimentos, porém apresenta como maior desafio o sucesso na sobrevivência dos peixes nas fases de pós-larva, geralmente relacionada à obtenção de alimento vivo, que possui uma composição bioquímica balanceada e essencial. Artemia sp. é utilizada com sucesso como alimento vivo, porém apresenta custo elevado e uma das alternativas para reduzir os custos é a utilização de espécies nativas, como o zooplâncton natural e o anostráceo dulcícola Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, filogeneticamente próximo à A. salina. O presente estudo avaliou como as alterações nas condições nutricionais afetam a alga Ankistrodesmus gracilis, a composição bioquímica de D. brasiliensis, Artemia sp. e Daphnia magna e como diferentes combinações de alimento afetam a composição bioquímica do bacalhau do Atlântico (Gadus morhua). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a disponibilidade de fósforo e cobre alteram a composição bioquímica das algas, além de afetar a produção de clorofila, taxas de crescimento e resistência ao metal; D. brasiliensis apresentou bons resultados em termos de conteúdo de carboidratos e proteínas, além de uma variação na composição lipídica de acordo com o sexo e estágio de desenvolvimento dos animais. Melhores resultados foram obtidos para o bacalhau quando alimentado com zooplâncton do ambiente natural acrescentado aos organismos cultivados e enriquecidos em tanques de cultivo. Com base nesses resultados, podemos concluir que o ambiente e disponibilidade de nutrientes, no caso das microalgas, afeta a composição bioquímica e capacidade de lidar com contaminantes. A composição bioquímica do zooplâncton pode afetar os níveis tróficos superiores, interferindo tanto na composição bioquímica quanto em desenvolvimento. Por tais motivos, é importante que se conheçam as condições ótimas de cultivo afim de se obterem os melhores resultados em cada nível trófico
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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