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Dieta, ação sobre as sementes, padrão de atividade e área de vida de Cebus apella (Linnaeus, 1758) em três fragmentos florestais de tamanhos distintos na região de Londrina - PR
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Nelio Roberto dos ReisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - ZoologiaInclui referências: p. 72-79Área de concentração: ZoologiaResumo: Devido a grande ação antrópica que ocorreu nas florestas do Estado do Paraná, restaram cerca de 5,2 % da cobertura vegetal primitiva, distribuídas em pequenos fragmentos por todo o Estado, onde ainda sobrevive o macaco-prego (Cebus apella) uma espécie de primata neotropical. Esse trabalho consistiu no estudo de C. apella em fragmentos florestais de tamanhos distintos na região de Londrina-PR, com os objetivos de: determinar a dieta alimentar durante todas as estações do ano; determinar a ação que o animal exerce sobre as sementes, ou seja, dispersor, neutro, predador ou carregador; verificar em laboratório se as sementes são beneficiadas ou não com a passagem pelo trato digestivo do animal; determinar o padrão de atividade e a área de vida dos grupos. 0 estudo foi realizado no período de outubro de 1993 a setembro de 1994 em três remanescentes florestais: Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy com 680 ha; Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas com 87,45 ha; Horto Florestal da Universidade Estadual Londrina (UEL) com 10 ha. A metodologia empregada consistiu de observações diretas dos grupos de C. apella e da coleta de fezes e de frutos para os testes de germinação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que C. apella possuiu uma dieta bem variada de espécies animais e vegetais. Outro fato, foi a presença de muitas espécies vegetais exóticas na dieta, as quais foram importantes para a manutenção dos animais nas áreas menores. Quanto à ação exercida sobre as sementes, ficou constatado que C. apella pode atuar como dispersor de sementes da maioria das espécies vegetais presentes em sua dieta. Além desse fato, verificou-se ainda que, a quantidade e o tamanho das sementes ingeridas, o tempo médio de passagem pelo trato digestivo do animal, a distância média de dispersão das sementes em relação à planta mãe, os testes de viabilidade e de germinação das sementes que passaram ou não pelo trato digestivo dos animais, reforçam o pressuposto de que o animal pode ser considerado um bom agente dispersor de sementes. Já para o padrão de atividades e área de vida, foi verificado que o forrageio constituiu a atividade predominante e o tempo dedicado a essa atividade, foi proporcional ao tamanho da área de vida dos grupo.Abstract: Due to intense antropic action ocurred at the forest of Paraná State, only around 5,2% of the primitive vegetation remained in small fragments throughout the area, in which the wild black-capped capuchin (Cebus apella), a neotropical primate, can be found. The present work aimed at studying C. apella in those different sized forest fragments in the region of Londrina, Paraná. Its also aimed at determining: the food diet during all seasons of the year; the action of the animal on seeds, that is, checking whether it was a seed dispersor, neutral, predator or carrier; checking in laboratory whether the of seeds pass throught animal digestive tract increases or not the process germination; finally, it aimed at determining the active pattern and home range of groups. The study was carried out from October 93 to September 94, in three remaining forests: State Park Mata dos Godoy of 680 ha; City Park Arthur Thomas of 87,45 ha; Horto Florestal of University State of Londrina of 10 ha, UEL. The method used consisted of direct C. apella groups obervations and collect fecal material and fruits for germination tests. The rerults showed C. apella to present varied diet consisting of animals and vegetables. Another fact was the presence exotics vegetables species in the diet, which were important for animals maintenance in the smaller areas. As for the action on the seeds, the results showed that C. apella may act as seed dispersor agent of the majority of the species presented in the diet. Therefore, the amount and size of ingested seeds, the mean time spent through animal digestive tract, the mean distance to seeds dispersion in relation to the parent tree, the viability and germination tests of the seeds passed or not through digestive tract, confirmed the hypothesis that C .apella can be considered an efficient seed dispersor agent. As for the activity pattern and home range, it was verified that foraging was the predominant activity and the time spent in it was proportional to the home range of the groups
Ecologia de mamíferos de médio e grande portes do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina (PR)
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Nelio Roberto dos ReisTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - ZoologiaInclui referências: p. 124-131Área de concentração: ZoologiaResumo: Resumo: Poucos estudos foram realizados com mamíferos no Paraná, no que diz respeito à sua ecologia, envolvendo aspectos como frugivoria, dispersão e predação de sementes, estimativa populacional e conservação desses animais em fragmentos florestais. Desse modo, este trabalho se propôs investigar a ecologia dos mamíferos de médio e grande portes do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, área de 680 ha situada no município de Londrina, no norte do Paraná. Os animais estudados foram Cebus apella (macaco-prego), Nasua nasua (quati), Cerdocyon thous (cachorro-do-mato), Pecari tajacu (cateto) e Tapirus terrestris (anta). Os objetivos propostos foram os seguintes: determinar quais os itens alimentares que fazem parte da dieta desses animais, a frequência de consumo desses tens durante as estações e a similaridade de sua dieta; determinar se esses mamíferos são importantes como dispersores/predadores de sementes; realizar testes de viabilidade e de germinação de sementes que passaram pelo tubo digestivo desses animais, comparando com sementes-controle; registrar o número de encontros com os animais pará fornecer alguns parâmetros populacionais. Foram feitas observações diretas dos animais, e observações indiretas (fezes, restos alimentares, pegadas, etc.). Em laboratório foram realizados testes de viabilidade e de germinação das sementes coletadas nas fezes e das sementes-controle retiradas diretamente dos frutos. Os resultados indicaram que Cebus apella, Pecari tajacu e Tapirus terrestris consumiram uma grande variedade de frutos de diferentes espécies. Nasua nasua consumiu frutos e invertebrados e Cerdocyon thous teve uma dieta baseada em itens de origem animal, principalmente roedores. Em relação à dispersão de sementes, apenas Cerdocyon thous não foi um bom dispersor; todavia, Pecari tajacu, apesar de dispersar plantas com sementes pequenas, como Ficus spp., predou várias espécies de sementes grandes. Em relação aos testes laboratoriais, Cebus apella, Tapirus terrestris e Nasua nasua foram os mais eficazes dispersores de sementes. Em relação aos parâmetros populacionais desses animais na área do Parque, foi possível estimar que Cebus apella, Pecari tajacu e Tapirus terrestris se encontram em alta densidade. Não foi possível realizar nenhum parâmetro populacional para Nasua nasua e Cerdocyon thous, mas vestígios indicaram que são comuns no Parque. Foi possível concluir que Cebus apella, Nasua nasua, Tapirus terrestris e Pecari tajacu forâm primariamente frugívoros; Cerdocyon thous foi primariamente carnívoro, com alto consumo de roedores. Esses mamíferos podem ter um papel importante nos processos de regeneração e manutenção da floresta na área do Parque, devido à dispersão de sementes, sendo que a passagem das sementes pelo tubo digestivo desses animais pode beneficiar algumas espécies de sementes. O Parque é um dos últimos lugares do norte do Paraná que conseguem manter uma fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande portes, devido à abundância de recursos ali existente, porém medidas conservacionistas precisam ser adotadas para a continuidade dessas espécies na área.Abstract: Few studies of mammals in Paraná have been made regarding their ecology, involving aspects like frugivory, seeds dispersal and seeds predation, parameter of population and conservation of mammals in forest fragments. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the ecology of medium-sized and big mammals in Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, which covers an area of 680 ha and is situated in the Londrina region, in the north of Paraná. The animals studied were Cebus apella (black capuchin monkey), Nasua nasua (coati), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), Pecan tajacu (collared peccary) and Tapirus terrestris (tapir). The objectives proposed were the following: identifying food items, the frequency of feeding on these items throughout the seasons and the similarity among diets of different mammals; determining if the mammals mentioned above are seeds dispersal/predation agents; to make tests of viability and germination of seeds that have passed through digestive tract of mammals, comparing them to control seeds; registering the number of meetings with the animals to analyse the parameter of population. Animals were observed directly and indirectly (through feces, food leftovers, footprints, etc.). Laboratory tests of viability and germination of the seeds collected in the feces and of control seeds obtained directly from the fruits, were accomplished. The results indicated that Cebus apella, Pecan tajacu and Tapirus terrestris fed on a wide variety of fruits of different species. Nasua nasua fed on fruits and invertebrates and in Cerdocyon thous, the diet was dominated by items of animal origin, specially rodents. With regard to the dispersal of seeds, only Cerdocyon thous was not considered efficient. Despite dispersing species of small seeds like Ficus spp., Pecari tajacu destroyed on various species of large seeds. The laboratory tests indicated that Cebus appela, Tapirus terrestres and Nasua nasua were the most efficient mammals at dispersing seeds. With regard to the parameter of population of the animals within thè area of the park, it was possible to estimate that Cebus apella, Pecari tajacu and Tapirus terrestris are in high density, but it was impossible to estimate the population of Nasua nasua and Cerdocyon thous, although some evidences have showed they are common. The conclusions were that Cebus apella, Nasua nasua, Tapirus terrestris and Pecari tajacu were primarily frugivorous, while Cerdocydon thous was primarily carnivorous feeding mostly on rodents. The frugivorous animals mentioned above play an important role in the processes of regeneration and maintenance of the forest within the area of the Park due to the dispersal of seeds and the fact that some species of seeds that have passed through the digestive tract of these animals may be benefited. The Park is one of the last places in the north of Paraná that can maintain a fauna of big and medium-sized mammals because of the abundance of resources, although conservation action must be taken in order to ensure the continuity of species in this area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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