1,721,202 research outputs found
Targeting PGE2 receptor subtypes rather than cyclooxygenases: a bridge over troubled water?
No full textProstaglandins (PG) are synthesized by the sequential action of phosholipases, cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2, and specific terminal synthases, and exert their diverse biological effects through several membrane receptors. In particular, PGE2 is involved in many normal and pathological pathways that are mediated by four different E prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). Selective COX-2 inhibitors (Coxibs) have analgesic and antipyretic effects that are indistinguishable from those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but some possess hazardous cardiovascular side effects. Recent results indicate that EP1 and EP4 antagonists might prove useful for inhibiting the unwanted actions of COX-2. Has the time come for research to examine earnestly the selective antagonism of EP subtypes rather than further the development of direct COX-2 inhibitors
Cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins: shaping up the immune response
No full textThe relevance of cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2 and their products to inflammation, thrombosis and gastroprotection are well known. Their importance in the immune response was first recognized more than 25 years ago, but has only gained widespread attention recently. In this review, we attempt to integrate information on prostanoids and both the innate and acquired immune responses, including effects on leukocytes, antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes. Prostanoids may be relevant to immunotolerance, autoimmune disorders, transplantation, immunologic defense against tumors, acquired immunodeficiencies and viral infections. Insight into the role of prostanoids in immune function may afford novel therapeutic opportunities
Platelets, coagulation and the vascular wall The quest to better understand and smarten up our therapeutic targeting of this triad in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events
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Safety of Antithrombotic Agents in Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
No full textTreatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with antithrombotics in elderly patients face unique challenges: elderly patients usually require multiple drugs due to comorbidities, are highly susceptible to adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions, may have cognitive problems affecting compliance and complications, are specially exposed to the risk of falls, and, most importantly, ageing is an independent risk factor for bleeding. Antithrombotic drugs, alone or in association, further and variously amplify age-related bleeding risk. Moreover, age-related changes in primary haemostasis may potentially affect the pharmacodynamics of some antiplatelet drugs. Thus, elderly subjects might be more or less sensitive to standard antiplatelet regimens depending on individual characteristics affecting antiplatelet drug response. Importantly, elderly patients are a rapidly-growing population world-wide, have the highest incidence of ACS but are poorly represented in clinical trials. As a consequence, evidence on antithrombotic drug benefits and risks is limited. Thus, in the real-world setting, older people are often denied antithrombotic drugs because of unjustified concerns, or might be over-treated and exposed to excessive bleeding risk. Personalized antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients is particularly critical, to minimize risks without affecting efficac
Simply read: erythrocytes modulate platelet function. Should we rethink the way we give aspirin?
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Personalized medicine, pharmacogenetics, and clopidogrel: unraveling variability of response
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Anticoagulation safety for stroke prevention in the very elderly: lessons from a Danish nationwide study
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