1,720,957 research outputs found
Fig. 3 in Begonia jaguarensis L. Kollmann, R.S.Lopes &Peixoto (Begoniaceae), a new species from North of Espírito Santo State, Brazil
No full textFig. 3. – Distribution of Begonio jogUorenSiS L. Kollmann, R. S. Lopes & Peixoto (square) in Espírito Santo state, Brazil.Published as part of Ludovic Jean Charles Kollmann, Robson da Silva Lopes & Ariane Luna Peixoto, 2015, Begonia jaguarensis L. Kollmann, R.S.Lopes &Peixoto (Begoniaceae), a new species from North of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, pp. 43-48 in Candollea 70 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.15553/c2015v701a4, http://zenodo.org/record/18995
Desenvolvimento de ferramentas para a identificação de marcadores moleculares e imunológicos a partir de dados genômicos como alvo para o diagnóstico de doenças parasitárias
Get PDFInfectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites is a major public health problem, especially in poor or developing, causing millions of deaths annually. For effective monitoring and control of these diseases it is essential to develop precise diagnostic methods. The identification of immunological and molecular markers, such as microsatellites and epitopes, allows rapid selection of potential targets that can be used in diagnostics, vaccination protocols and immunotherapeutic. Experimental methods for the identification of immunological and molecular markers have high costs and require long periods of experimentation. Given the large amount of genomic and protein sequences available in public databases, in silico methods for identifying these markers have been employed as an alternative approach. Recently, many methods and tools to identify immunological and molecular markers have been developed. Epitope prediction tools such as PREDITOP, PEOPLE, BEPITOPE, BepiPred, ABCpred, BCPred, BayesB and BEST were developed using machine learning techniques. These tools have better results in comparison to tools that do not use this approach. However, they are not accurate enough when applied to protozoa data, mainly due to the small protozoan datasets used for training. To identify tandem repeat markers, there are several available tools, such as IMEX, MISA, Mreps, SciRoKo, Sputnik and TROLL. However, besides identifying repetitive regions, other features have to be displayed to assist researchers in the recognition and analysis of molecular markers. In this work, we have developed tools for the identification of molecular and immunological markers from genomic data in order to seek new targets for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In the first part of this work, it presents a web and stand-alone tool, entitled ProGeRF (Proteome and Genome Repeat Finder), and developed to identify tandem repeats as molecular markers. The second part of this work aimed to verify whether the performance of in silico prediction tools of linear B-cell epitope could be impacted by using distinct training datasets (bacteria, viruses and protozoa). The ProGeRF tool is an efficient, fast, accurate, easy to use, either in stand-alone or web tool, provides a graphic display and allows filtering the results. Besides, it is able to run in large genomic and proteomic data. When compared with MISA, TROLL, TRF, Sputnik, SciRoKo and GMATo, ProGeRF can identify a larger number of repetitive elements and is faster than the majority of the other tools. Regarding the prediction of linear B-cell epitope from protozoa data, tools trained with bacteria data generally leads to random predictions. However, when trained only with virus data, some species of protozoa showed a significant degree of efficiency during B-cell epitope prediction. The best results were obtained when the training dataset contained balanced data from the three taxon or data only from protozoa, highlighting the importance of optimizing the performance of tools for B-cell linear epitope using adequate training datasets.Doenças infecciosas causadas por parasitos protozoários apresentam-se como um grande problema de saúde pública, principalmente, em países pobres e em desenvolvimento, causando milhões de mortes por ano. Para o controle e monitoramento efetivo dessas doenças é essencial que se disponha de métodos de diagnósticos cada vez mais precisos. Identificar marcadores imunológicos e moleculares, como epítopos e microssatélites, permite uma rápida seleção de potenciais alvos que podem ser utilizados em diagnósticos, protocolos vacinais e como imunoterapêuticos. Métodos experimentais de identificação de marcadores imunológicos e moleculares apresentam elevado custo e requerem longos períodos de experimentação. Uma alternativa empregada é a utilização de métodos in silico de identificação destes marcadores dada à grande quantidade sequências genômicas e proteômicas disponíveis em bancos de dados públicos. Muitos métodos e ferramentas foram desenvolvidos nos últimos anos com o objetivo de identificar marcadores imunológicos e moleculares. No que se refere à preditores de epítopos, ferramentas como PREDITOP, PEOPLE, BEPITOPE, BepiPred, ABCpred, BCPred, BayesB e BEST foram desenvolvidas utilizando técnicas de inteligência artificial que permitem aos algoritmos aprender com informações já existente, isto é, aprendizado de máquina. No entanto, estas ferramentas baseadas em técnicas de aprendizado ainda apresentam uma baixa taxa de acurácia na predição quando aplicadas em dados de protozoários, devido à baixa quantidade de dados de protozoários usada no treinamento. Para identificação de marcadores moleculares do tipo repetições em tandem, existem várias ferramentas disponíveis, tais como: IMEx, MISA, Mreps, SciRoKo, Sputnik e TROLL. No entanto, além de identificar as repetições faz-se necessário que as ferramentas apresentem outros recursos que auxiliem os pesquisadores no reconhecimento e análise dos marcadores moleculares. Diante disto, este trabalho vem apresentar o desenvolvimento de ferramentas computacionais para a identificação de marcadores moleculares e imunológicos a partir de dados genômicos, a fim de buscar novos alvos para o diagnóstico de doenças parasitárias. Na primeira parte deste trabalho foi desenvolvido uma ferramenta web e stand-alone, intitulada Proteome and Genome Repeat Finder (ProGeRF), capaz de identificar marcadores de diagnóstico do tipo repetições em tandem. Em uma segunda etapa, buscou-se verificar se a etapa de treinamento de uma ferramenta de predição de epítopos lineares de células B com dados de diferentes táxons (bactérias, vírus e protozoários) pode influenciar, significativamente, na predição de epítopos de protozoários. A ferramenta ProGeRF proposta apresenta-se como uma ferramenta eficiente, rápida e precisa, seja nos modos stand-alone ou web, sendo a única que proporciona visualização gráfica e buscas com filtros nos resultados. Além de ser capaz de ser executada tanto em dados genômicos quanto em dados proteômicos e em grandes arquivos quando comparada com as ferramentas MISA, TROLL, TRF, Sputnik, GMATo e SciRoKo, ProGeRF consegue identificar uma quantidade maior de elementos repetitivos que as demais ferramentas em um tempo, consideravelmente, mais rápido. No que diz respeito à predição de epítopos lineares de células B em dados de protozoários, ferramentas treinadas apenas com dados de bactérias de maneira geral, conduz a uma predição, em média, próxima do aleatório. No entanto, quando treinado apenas com dados de vírus, algumas espécies de protozoários apresentaram significativo grau de eficiência. Todavia, melhores resultados foram apresentados quando a base de treinamento continha dados balanceados dos três táxons ou apenas dados de protozoários o que sugere uma real influência da base de dados de treinamento na acurácia de predição de epítopos lineares de células B de protozoários
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
