172 research outputs found
Zibaldoni e repertori da Bartolommeo Capasso a Luigi Volpicella
No full textL’autore ricostruisce il metodo di lavoro di due storici, Bartolommeo Capasso (1815-1900), uno dei fondatori della Società Napoletana di Storia patria, e Luigi Volpicella iunior (1864-1949), attraverso le loro carte, custodite dalla Società, contenenti appunti e spogli delle fonti primarie e della bibliografia. Verrà evidenziato il legame tra il modo con cui Capasso classificava le informazioni e il metodo umanistico dei notabilia. Per Volpicella ci si soffermerà sulle carte geografiche che predispose come atti preparatori dei profili biografici da lui pubblicati a corredo di un’edizione documentaria.
The author reconstructs the working method of two historians, Bartolommeo Capasso (1815-1900), one of the founders of the Società Napoletana di Storia patria, and Luigi Volpicella junior (1864-1949), through their papers preserved by the Società. These documents contain notes and extracts from primary sources and bibliography. The connection between Capasso’s information management and the humanistic method of notabilia is highlighted. As for Volpicella, emphasis is placed on the geographical maps he produced as preparatory acts for the biographical profiles he published in a documentary edition
ANTIQUITY OF CANCER
No full textThe Author describes the origin and evolution of the cancer showing original paleopathological fossils remains and reviewing the scientific literature on this topic
Responsible nudging for social good: new healthcare skills for AI-driven digital personal assistants
No full textTraditional medical practices and relationships are changing given the widespread adoption of AI-driven technologies across the various domains of health and healthcare. In many cases, these new technologies are not specific to the field of healthcare. Still, they are existent, ubiquitous, and commercially available systems upskilled to integrate these novel care practices. Given the widespread adoption, coupled with the dramatic changes in practices, new ethical and social issues emerge due to how these systems nudge users into making decisions and changing behaviours. This article discusses how these AI-driven systems pose particular ethical challenges with regards to nudging. To confront these issues, the value sensitive design approach is adopted as a principled methodology that designers can adopt to design these systems to avoid harming and contribute to the social good. The AI for Social Good factors are adopted as the norms constraining maleficence. In contrast, higher-order values specific to AI, such as those from the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, are adopted as the values to be promoted as much as possible in design. The use case of Amazon Alexa's Healthcare Skills is used to illustrate this design approach. It provides an exemplar of how designers and engineers can begin to orientate their design programs of these technologies towards the social good
The an and the quomodo of appeal: a theoretical framework
No full textThe presentation attempts to reconstruct, from the point of view of general theory and comparative law, the potential existence and extent of the right to appeal. Although concluding that this right tends not to be recognized (unlike the right to access to court), the author nevertheless argues that the provision of at least one level of appeal is in the state's own interest, and that any limits to this right can be set, but must pass a rationality test
Nasal function and CPAP compliance
No full text主査 : 吉川衛 / タイトル : Nasal function and CPAP compliance / 著者 : Akiko Inoue, Shintaro Chiba, Kentaro Matsuura, Hiroshi Osafune, Robson Capasso, Kota Wada/ 掲載誌 : Auris Nasus Larynx / 本文ファイル: 出版者
Assessing the need for cultural expertise in civil proceedings: from Court’s discretion to the duty to supplement the judge’s extra-legal knowledge
No full textThe contribution analyzes cultural expertise, i.e., expert evidence provided by anthropologists, sociologists, ethnologists and the like, in disputes where cultural diversity comes to the fore. In the face of widespread skepticism with respect to the value of the contribution of such evidence, the author aims to demonstrate that there is no reason to adopt a different attitude with respect to the hard and soft sciences, and that respect for the intellectual and procedural due process is required in any case
Big Tech corporations and AI: A Social License to Operate and Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in the Digital Age
No full textThe pervasiveness of AI-empowered technologies across multiple sectors has led to drastic changes concerning traditional social practices and how we relate to one another. Moreover, market-driven Big Tech corporations are now entering public domains, and concerns have been raised that they may even influence public agenda and research. Therefore, this chapter focuses on assessing and evaluating what kind of business model is desirable to incentivise the AI for Social Good (AI4SG) factors. In particular, the chapter explores the implications of this discourse for SDG #17 (global partnership) and how this goal may encourage Big Tech corporations to strengthen multi-stakeholder partnerships that promote effective public-private and civil society partnerships and the meaningful co-presence of non-market and market values. In doing so, the chapter proposes an analysis of the sociological notion of "social license to operate" (SLO) elaborated in the mining and extractive industry literature and introduces it into the discourse on sustainable digital business models and responsible management of risks in the digital age. This serves to explore how such a social license can be adopted as a practice by digital business models to foster trust, collaboration and coordination among different actors - AI researchers and initiatives, institutions and civil society at large - for the support of SDGs interrelated targets and goals
Sustainable Climate Engineering Innovation and the Need for Accountability
No full textAlthough still highly controversial, the idea that we can use technology to radically alter our environment in order to mitigate the climate challenges we now face is becoming an ever more discussed approach. This chapter takes up a specific climate engineering technology, carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS), and highlights how this technology works and how its governance still needs further work to ensure that it is aligned to the ideal of sustainable development. Given that climate engineering technologies like CCUS have the potential to ameliorate many of the climate issues and support the SDGs, there remains a lacuna of inserting these globally impactful technologies within a normative political framework to respect that proper responsibility is attributed. The aim of the chapter is to examine the concept of accountability, how it has been traditionally understood in the literature, and why a polysemic and multidimensional account of accountability is required if climate engineering technologies like CCUS are actually to support sustainable development. This may serve as a first theoretically informed basis for reflection on how to create a synergy between the responsible deployment of climate engineering innovation and the achievement of the SDGs targets, one that can shed light on how justifications and decisions about sustainable strategies and constraints are managed, taken and communicated
Mathematical structures of epidemic systems
No full textMathematical modelling of communicable diseases has in the past decades been the subject of intense research activity, on the part of both epidemiologists and biomathematicians; nonlinear forces of infection, spatial structure, age structure and other relevant features have been integrated to make the models more and more realistic and useful in prediction and control. The author's perspective in this book is that there is a concrete possibility of classifying most of the available models according to their mathematical structure, so to obtain a solid framework for analysing the behaviour of the modelled epidemic systems. This monograph suggests a possible classification of a large amount of models (bilinear, nonlinear, with or without structure), based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the theory of order preserving dynamical systems. The volume contains an original presentation of many worked out examples and case studies, mainly based on the author's experience, fully integrated with the exposition of the theory. It also contains a revisit of the most recent advances in the modelling of epidemics, including HIV/AIDS. Two appendices have been added for the ease of non-mathematicians. This monograph may be viewed as a research monograph for mathematically-oriented epidemiologists and for applied mathematicians. However, the detailed presentation of the methods make it a self-contained introduction to the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases so that it may also be used as a textbook in advanced courses of mathematical modelling in Biology and Medicine. The long and updated list of references makes this monograph a valuable survey of the subject.
In this second printing of the book the author has corrected all detected misprints, and updated the bibliography items
Neuroprotection by Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases
No full textAbstract
The cannabinoids are found to have particular application as neuroprotectants for mental and motor dysfuction in neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids suggest their therapeutic use for limiting neurological damage. The cannabinoids treatments should not only aim to alleviate specific symptoms but also attempt to delay/arrest disease progression and to repair the damaged structures. The author conducted a review of studies published between 1974 and 2011. The search was performed using the following PubMed search terms: “Cannabinoids” and “Neurodegenerative Diseases” and 287 papers were detected. The articles were examined and the overlapping or insufficiently clear works were excluded. Finally we chose 117 articles regarding the latest international guidelines, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and the various therapeutic choices. The studies reported in the present review support the view that the cannabinoid signalling system is a key modulatory element in the activity of the basal ganglia. This idea is supported by different anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological and biochemical data. Furthermore, these studies indicate that the cannabinoid system is impaired in different neurological disorders that directly or indirectly affect the basal ganglia, which supports the idea of developing novel pharmacotherapies with compounds that selectively target specific elements of the cannabinoid system.
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