1,720,955 research outputs found
Profiles of Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence, Their Sentencing Outcomes, and Risks in Recidivism
No full textHistorically, intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is characterized by more physical violence and coercive behaviours and is often categorized as either intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual violence (SV; Thomas et al., 2022). Thus, when IPSV cases are enveloped with other sexual assaults perpetrated by non-partners, they are often treated less seriously (Lynch et al., 2019). Even if the case leads to possibly prosecuting the perpetrator, there are many legal challenges (e.g., absence of witnesses, perceived credibility of the victim; Lynch et al., 2019), and the sentencing outcome is often considerably less harsh than seen in cases not involving intimate partners or SV (Bielen et al., 2022). As such, the current study aims to examine whether 1) there are differences in the characteristics of the index offence and perpetrator, sentencing features (i.e., aggravating and mitigating circumstances), sentencing outcomes, and level of risk in reoffending of SV, IPV, and IPSV perpetrators; and 2) whether some of these factors are associated with the severity of sentencing decisions more than the other factors. It is hypothesized that IPSV perpetrators will have committed more severe/violent offences, have more aggravating circumstances (e.g., no remorse), and are more likely to reoffend than SV and IPV perpetrators. The findings of this study will add to the growing body of literature investigating IPSV. Given that previous research suggests that IPSV cases tend to receive lighter sentences, we hope to identify and uncover any factors that may bias the judge’s sentencing decisions and, therefore, address or mitigate such bias.
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Sandy Jung 
Assessment and Recovery of Reaching Functions in Patients with Cerebellar Stroke
No full textThe cerebellum plays an important role in the coordination and timing of limb movements. The present study focused on how reach kinematics are affected by cerebellar lesions to quantify both the presence of motor impairment and recovery of motor function over time. To examine this, 13 patients with isolated cerebellar stroke completed a visually guided reaching (VGR) task using the KINARM exoskeleton, as well as clinical measures of cognitive and motor function.
Participants completed all measures at baseline, as well as 6, 12, and 24-weeks post-stroke. Our findings indicated that the only clinical measures to demonstrate impairment in our patient group were the Purdue Pegboard Task (PPT) and the MOCA. In addition, impairment was detected across several movement parameters of the VGR task that indexed both feed-forward and feedback control. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analyses conducted in right cerebellar patients (n = 10) showed that damage to the right cerebellar tonsil and uvula were associated with impaired performance on the PPT and overall performance in the VGR task, respectively. In most cases, the impairments on the VGR task and the PPT had largely recovered by 24 weeks post-stroke. Notably, PPT performance with the right arm predicted 33% of the variance in overall KINARM performance. These data indicate that objective kinematic measures of motor function provide a more complete picture of overall impairment than clinical measures alone. These additional kinematic data could be helpful in monitoring the assessment and recovery of motor function in patients with cerebellar stroke. Keywords: cerebellar stroke, limb ataxia, motor function, reaching, lesion mapping.
Department: Psychology
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Christopher Strieme
Criminogenic and Non-Criminogenic Needs of High-Risk Offenders and Reintegration Success
No full textThere is limited research about individuals incarcerated until the end of their sentence without being supervised in the community through parole. When they are assessed to be a high risk for committing sexual or violent offences, they can be placed on Section 810 peace bonds to restrict their movements and behaviours (Harris, 2001). The present study examines high-risk individuals’ basic needs, criminogenic needs (i.e., dynamic risk factors), and responsivity issues and how these predict their reintegration success. Specifically, it assesses whether these factors contribute to missing an appointment, violating conditions, and reoffending. The files of 45 individuals were coded for the first year of post-release supervision to explore challenges and performance while under supervision for each 4-month time period. The area under the curve statistic was calculated to evaluate the predictive accuracy of each total for basic needs items, criminogenic needs, responsivity issues, and three community outcomes. The findings indicated that criminogenic needs consistently predicted violations of conditions and reoffending across time periods. However, basic needs and responsivity were not predictive of missed appointments and reoffending for all time periods. These findings suggest that supervision and monitoring of these factors play an essential role in stabilizing and effectively reintegrating these individuals into the community. However, a greater emphasis should be placed on criminogenic needs to reduce criminal behaviour. Future research is needed to examine the predictive validity of individual criminogenic risk factors and the association of basic needs, criminogenic needs, and responsivity issues regarding long-term reintegration success.
Department: Psychology
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Sandy Jun
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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