115,380 research outputs found
Evaluating the long term impacts of transport policy: the case of passenger rail privatisation in Great Britain
No full textBritain’s national rail system was ‘privatised’ as a result of the 1993 Railways Act, with most of the organisational and ownership changes implemented by 1997. This thesis examines the long term impacts of the privatisation initiative on the passenger rail service. A key issue when examining long term changes is that of the counterfactual – what would have happened if the changes had not occurred? A simple econometric model of the demand for passenger rail services was developed and used in conjunction with extrapolative methods for key variables such as fares, train kms and GDP to determine demand-side counterfactuals. Extrapolative methods were also used to determine counterfactual infrastructure and train operation costs. Although since privatisation rail demand has grown strongly, the analysis indicates that transitional disruptions suppressed demand by around 4% over a prolonged period (1994/95 to 2005/6), whilst the Hatfield accident reduced demand by about 5%, albeit over a short period (2000/1 to 2005/6). A welfare analysis indicates that although consumers gained as a result of privatisation, for most years this has been offset by increases in costs. An exception is provided by the two years immediately before the Hatfield accident. Overall the loss in welfare since the reforms were introduced far exceeds the net receipts from the sale of rail businesses. It is found that although the reforms have had advantages in terms of lower fares and better service levels than otherwise would have been the case, this has been offset by adverse transitional effects and high costs, which in turn may be linked with higher transaction costs
Robins, N, 216014
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/413822Surname: ROBINS. Given Name(s) or Initials: N. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 216014. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: V-936.232536
Item: [2016.0049.46083] "Robins, N, 216014
Freedom of Speech: The Florida Implications of \u3cem\u3ePruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins\u3c/em\u3e
No full textThe expansion of individual liberties by courts interpreting state constitutions more broadly than the Federal Constitution has been a significant trend in recent years. In the area of free speech, the Supreme Court of California recently held that the California Constitution protects speech-related activities in shopping malls, subject to reasonable regulation. The United States Supreme Court found adequate state grounds to uphold that decision in PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins, although the Federal Constitution does not extend so far. The author examines the series of cases culminating in PruneYard and discusses its relevance to Florida law
ESTIMATION OF THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF A TIME-VARYING EXPOSURE ON THE MARGINAL MEAN OF A REPEATED BINARY OUTCOME
No full textWe provide sufficient conditions for estimating from
longitudinal data the causal effect of a time-dependent
exposure or treatment on the marginal probability of
response for a dichotomous outcome. We then show how one can
estimate this effect under these conditions using the g-
computation algorithm of Robins. We also derive the
conditions under which some current approaches to the
analysis of longitudinal data, such as the generalized
estimating equations (GEE) approach of Zeger and Liang, the
feedback model techniques of Liang and Zeger, and within-
subject conditional methods, can provide valid tests and
estimates of causal effects. We use our methods to estimate
the causal effect of maternal stress on the marginal
probability of a child's illness from the Mothers' Stress
and Children's Morbidity data and compare our results with
those previously obtained by Zeger and Liang using a GEE
approach
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Fletcherian Standing, Merits, and Spokeo v. Robins
No full textThis essay offers an exercise in wishful jurisdictional and procedural thinking. As part of a Supreme Court Roundtable on Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, it argues for William Fletcher\u27s conception of standing as an inquiry into the substantive merits of a claim and of whether the plaintiff has a valid cause of action. This approach is especially necessary in statutory cases; along with its constitutional power to create new rights, duties, and remedies, Congress should have a free hand in deciding who and how those rights and duties should be enforced. Spokeo, which involves a claim for damages for publication of allegedly false consumer-credit information in violation of a federal statute, illustrates the wisdom and benefits of Fletcher\u27s approach
Tile-Transitive Tilings of the Euclidean and Hyperbolic Planes by Ribbons
No full textWe present a method to enumerate tile-transitive crystallographic tilings of the Euclidean and hyperbolic planes by unbounded ribbon tiles up to equivariant equivalence. The hyperbolic case is relevant to self-assembly of branched polymers. Our result is achieved by combining and extending known methods for enumerating crystallographic disk-like tilings. We obtain a natural way of describing all possible stabiliser subgroups of tile-transitive tilings using a topological viewpoint of the tile edges as a graph embedded in an orbifold, and a group theoretical one derived from the structure of fundamental domains for discrete groups of planar isometries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Plectranthias garrupellus Robins & Starck 1961
No full textPlectranthias garrupellus Robins & Starck, 1961 Holotype: ANSP 95129, 52 mm SL, female. Type locality: off Daytona Beach, Florida, 28°52’ N, 80°05’ W in 119 meters. Illustrations: Anderson & Heemstra, 2012, fig. 8; Bullock & Smith, 1991, pl. II, fig. D; Robins & Starck, 1961:313, fig. 7 (middle). D: X, 15 to 17 (rarely 17). A: III, 7. P: 12 to 14 (usually 13). C: 17 (9 + 8). V: 26 (10 + 16). S: 3. GR: 14 to 18 (4 to 6 +10 to 13). LL: 28 or 29 (most frequently 29). CP: 12 to 14 (usually 14). Distribution: western Atlantic from North Carolina to the Straits of Florida, Bahamas, eastern Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea (Anderson & Heemstra, 2012: 42).Published as part of William D. Anderson, Jr., 2018, Annotated checklist of anthiadine fishes (Percoidei: Serranidae), pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4475 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4475.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/145328
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