1,720,984 research outputs found
Preparing citizens for the management of major hazards/disaster risks at local level : a mangement tools approach
No full textLa prise en charge efficace des risques nécessite que les citoyens soient acteurs de la gestion des risques puisqu’ils sont à l’épicentre des crises. Or les supports techniques laissés aux citoyens peinent à les faire participer à la gestion des risques. Cette thèse propose d’instruire la question de l’ingénierie des outils de gestion qui équipent la préparation des citoyens à la gestion des risques en se donnant pour objectif de comprendre les difficultés inhérentes à cette préparation, d’élucider comment celle-ci se construit via les outils de gestion. Elle cherche également à identifier les leviers à actionner pour permettre la contextualisation de ces outils. Elle mobilise la perspective appropriative des outils de gestion dans une dimension discursive et le concept de situation de gestion territorialisée comme grille de lecture théorique. En s’appuyant sur l’étude de cas de deux communes, la recherche montre que les logiques de normalisation et de rationalisation sont sous-jacentes au déploiement des outils de gestion des risques et qu’elles sont sources de tensions organisationnelles liées à la recherche de performance dans la gestion des risques. Elles démontrent ensuite que les outils de gestion des risques, pour nécessaire qu’elle soit, ne suffissent pas à prétendre préparer les citoyens à la gestion des risques. Elle souligne enfin le caractère ambigu de la préparation citoyenne et défend une approche par l’hypothèse des outils d’animation des outils de gestion des risques et celle de la conduite de l’activité de préparation citoyenne comme une situation territorialisée inédite et problématique.Effective risk management requires citizens to be actors in risk management, since they are at the epicentre of crises. However, the technical support left to the public is struggling to involve them in risk management. This thesis aims to address the issue of the engineering of management tools that equip citizens' preparedness for risk management, with the aim of understanding the difficulties inherent in this preparation and elucidating how it is constructed through management tools. It also seeks to identify the levers to be used to enable the contextualization of these tools. It mobilizes the appropriate perspective of management tools in a discursive dimension and the concept of territorialized management situation as a theoretical reading grid. Based on the case study of two municipalities, the research shows that the logic of standardization and rationalization underlies the deployment of risk management tools and that they cause organizational tensions related to the search for performance in risk management. They then show that risk management tools, however necessary, are not sufficient to prepare citizens for risk management. Finally, it emphasises the ambiguous nature of civic preparation and advocates an approach based on the assumption that risk management tools will be used and that the civic preparation activity will be conducted as a new and problematic territorialized situation
Toward a configurational approach for understanding family influence on innovation strategies in family businesses
No full textCette thèse a pour objet l’innovation dans les entreprises familiales (EF). Notre objectif est d’examiner, comprendre et expliquer comment l’influence familiale oriente les stratégies d’innovation des EF. Dans la première partie de la thèse, une revue de littérature compréhensive expose les connaissanceNous montrons que ce champs d’étude, relativement récent et en plein essor, ne parvient pas encore à dégager une tendance claire quant aux effets de l’influence familiale sur les stratégies d’innovation.s actuelles sur l’innovation dans les EF et permet d’identifier quelques limites des précédentes recherches sur la question. Les résultats des recherches existantes font état d’une relation complexe, non-linéaire et multifactorielle entre influence familiale et stratégies d’innovation, et apparaissent comme contingents des théories utilisées. Nous soulignons la nécessité de mobiliser une approche plus holistique pour comprendre l’articulation entre influence familiale et stratégies d’innovation des EF. Nous proposons de mobiliser la théorie de la configuration qui répond à ce besoin d’analyse multidimensionnelle ; et d’examiner empiriquement, au travers d’une approche qualitative par l’étude de cas, comment l’influence familiale s’exerce concrètement, et comment les priorités familiales orientent les stratégies d’innovation des EF. Nous avons effectué deux études de cas en profondeur dans deux EF multigénérationnelles et innovantes, évoluant dans le même secteur industriel. Nous avons conduit 37 entretiens auprès des deux dirigeants familiaux, de leurs fils, des membres de l’équipe encadrante, de membres familiaux et d’employés retraités. Nous enrichissons ce matériau empirique, avec des données secondaires internes (livre d’entreprise) et externes (analyses sectorielles). L’analyse processuelle longitudinale permet de repérer et de positionner les trajectoires stratégiques et de gouvernance familiale dans le temps long, et de mettre en lumière leurs interactions au fil des générations. Nos analyses permettent, pour chaque entreprise, de mettre en évidence la ou les priorités familiales qui orientent les stratégies d’innovation. Nous exposons ensuite comment ces priorités s’alignent avec le contexte organisationnel et les impératifs internes et externes de l’organisation, pour produire une configuration dans laquelle s’inscrit une stratégie d’innovation performante. Nous montrons que les priorités familiales sont différentes d’un cas à l’autre et évoluent dans le temps. Nous discutons les configurations obtenues et, à partir de la typologie des stratégies d’EF pérennes de Miller et Le Breton-Miller (2005), nous proposons une nouvelle stratégie, l’« innovateur-artisan », qui caractérise les priorités poursuivies par nos deux cas : la continuité et le commandement.This thesis addresses the question of innovation in family businesses (FB). We aim to understand and to explain how family influence directs FB innovation strategies. In the first part of the thesis, a comprehensive literature review outlines the current knowledge on innovation in FB and points out limitations of previous researches relative to this question. We document that this relatively new and growing field have not yet come to the point of providing clear-cut conclusions about the effect of family influence on firms’ innovation strategies. Overall, results from this literature show a complex, non-linear and multifactorial relation between family influence and innovation strategies. In addition, findings appear contingent upon the theory used to obtain them. We then document the necessity to use a more holistic approach to capture as a whole the mechanisms underlying the fit between family priorities targeted by the firm and its innovation strategies. We offer to use a configurational approach that meets this need of a multidimensional analysis; and to examine empirically, through a qualitative approach based on case studies, how family influence interacts with innovation strategies and how the family priorities guide FB innovation strategies. We perform two in-depth case studies, collecting data from two multigenerational and innovative family firms that evolve in the same industrial sector. We ran 37 interviews, covering the two CEOs, their sons, members of the top management team, other family members and retired employees. We also exploit secondary data from internal sources such as the family firm historical book, or from external sources like sectorial analyses. The longitudinal analysis of the data help us to retrace firms and family governance trajectories in the long run and how they interact each other’s. In our data analysis, we identify for each firm the family priority or priorities that direct innovation strategies. We then expose how these priorities fit both with the organisational context, and with the external and internal imperatives, so that all these factors combined form a configuration in which the successful innovation strategy occurs. We show that priorities emphasized by the families vary across the two firms and time. We discuss the configurations obtained and, from typology of sustainable FB strategies described by Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005), we propose a new strategy, the “Innovator-craftsman”, that characterizes the priorities pursued by our two case studies: continuity and command
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Le management stratégique des PME et ETI familiales Une histoire de trajectoires individuelles et collectives entre rupture et continuité
No full textFamily as an institution to investigate the role of women in the transfer of family businesses
No full textInternational audienc
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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