2 research outputs found
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 : a systematic analysis
No full textAbstract: Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health around the world. Previous publications have estimated the effect of AMR on incidence, deaths, hospital length of stay, and health-care costs for specific pathogen-drug combinations in select locations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date. Methods We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations in 204 countries and territories in 2019. We obtained data from systematic literature reviews, hospital systems, surveillance systems, and other sources, covering 471 million individual records or isolates and 7585 study-location-years. We used predictive statistical modelling to produce estimates of AMR burden for all locations, including for locations with no data. Our approach can be divided into five broad components: number of deaths where infection played a role, proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antibiotic of interest, and the excess risk of death or duration of an infection associated with this resistance. Using these components, we estimated disease burden based on two counterfactuals: deaths attributable to AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by drug-susceptible infections), and deaths associated with AMR (based on an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by no infection). We generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for final estimates as the 25th and 975th ordered values across 1000 posterior draws, and models were cross-validated for out-of-sample predictive validity. We present final estimates aggregated to the global and regional level. Findings On the basis of our predictive statistical models, there were an estimated 4.95 million (3.62-6.57) deaths associated with bacterial AMR in 2019, including 1.27 million (95% UI 0.911-1.71) deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. At the regional level, we estimated the all-age death rate attributable to resistance to be highest in western subSaharan Africa, at 27.3 deaths per 100 000 (20.9-35.3), and lowest in Australasia, at 6.5 deaths (4.3-9.4) per 100 000. Lower respiratory infections accounted for more than 1.5 million deaths associated with resistance in 2019, making it the most burdensome infectious syndrome. The six leading pathogens for deaths associated with resistance (Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were responsible for 929 000 (660 000-1 270 000) deaths attributable to AMR and 3.57 million (2.62-4.78) deaths associated with AMR in 2019. One pathogen-drug combination, meticillin-resistant S aureus, caused more than 100 000 deaths attributable to AMR in 2019, while six more each caused 50 000-100 000 deaths: multidrug-resistant excluding extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant A baumannii, fluoroquinolone-resistant E coli, carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K pneumoniae. Interpretation To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of AMR, as well as an evaluation of the availability of data. AMR is a leading cause of death around the world, with the highest burdens in low-resource settings. Understanding the burden of AMR and the leading pathogen-drug combinations contributing to it is crucial to making informed and location-specific policy decisions, particularly about infection prevention and control programmes, access to essential antibiotics, and research and development of new vaccines and antibiotics. There are serious data gaps in many low-income settings, emphasising the need to expand microbiology laboratory capacity and data collection systems to improve our understanding of this important human health threat. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
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Saa pn—aa—. Oct. tl—■
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scrip-oas to -all, par-—,
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PAUO ALTO, CALIFORNIA. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER .i,.c)o8.
NO. 94-
MStSMWISISISIStSIMMSISSWIMSMflSSHSa
Booster Says
That getting initiated has
its peculiarities, but it
needs no initiation to be
able to use any of the
many handy kitchen devices to be found
Palo Alto Hardware Company
boas. «S Right ns th. O—t— ea _s Oee.
ISkMWWMMISISWkSWIWMlMISIeSMSSISIMMSMeSdi
In Our Daily Walks CELEBRATION WILL
We Notice-. BE ELABORATE
~r
That each
ton's
phone
rete en ep-to-date grama-
FORMER STANFORD BRIEF REYIEW
PROFESSOR DIES! OF AMENDMENTS
NATIVE SONS BAV- ASSURANCE FRl.l._Blf A. 0.
OP ATTENDANCE OP MANY 1 P*__8 AWAY AT HIS HOME
PROMINENT 1_M_L Dl I'l.AlNFIEI.I., V J
SOME PACTS FOB VOTaxstS TO
I ONKIDEH AT THE COMING
KuscmoTt.
ead Meets Will Be
That thoae who drink Ootsptoa'.
Coflet are the ones who hare the
satisfied expieeelun on .heir face
That Uie St. Beta. Health two*
sre o> eel, at Cotnptoa'a
That Uie Home Bolter Breed
.rapped le wax paper -B.r—
tos-ted by naade— 1. reeking O—BB-
Iob'b MOM famoea
Slippers and
Moccasins
_ Felt slippers and Romeos for men,
women and children. New, attractive styles, of this season's
design.
.INDIAN MOCCASINS: Ideal
for housewear; serviceable, too.
3\voft5T-
Why Don't You
Marry the Girl?
We'll Furnish the House
Don't make the mistake of thinking you can't furnish a home, at
we can furnish one of any number of rooms, whether it be one or
a dozen-whether you bave only a
little or a great deal to spend.
In our store you will find every
thing you need. You can pay
part cash and a little each month
Don't hesitale! Now is the
time while She is in the
notion.
McKBBEN-BEAL CO.
Phone
12
222 University Ave.
PALO ALTO
That oar special Ash con-tor ts
attracting much attention—Cot_my-
A rigger .Is here Irom Hon Frao-
Cisco today. *m4 ander the direction
of Z. A. Hettinger W adjestlag the
to* mast of tba flagpole _« that It
will lund erect, it waa found
nscssnary' to lower ihe mast a few
feet sod shave off one aide Id order
j to give enough room to wedge It
; Into an erect position
f T_e preparaUoao ror the dedication or tha pole on 8or.dai ara go-
jlng forward satisfactorlry Tho
socisiy of California Pioneers of
Santa Clara Coaaty has accepted the
,P01\4PT01Sl*S ;--**"At»oa of I'nlserslty Parlor to
^-**V_t-F_.Vmt 1 V-<* ~ *~* 'attend, and the Hod. M ii Hyland,
_.'-_■■' '_-__ "■ • A •_** -»OIK,r*-T-' B>*~-ber of tha eoeiety.
5LI University AVs&l*11- ********* -*4d>se« oa hthair of
tha Pioneers Many prominent i-ttl-
sena of the coaaty have aaoepted the
Invitation to ba present The par-
CBa«SBSLATKD BAPTWT , < lor desires to emphasise the Invlta-
MII*nt_TER TO lx»m'K» Hon to every cttisen of Palo Alto
, *u>d to thoae ot the valley towns aad
. eurrouadlng country _il wilt ba
*** aacdlally welcomed. ,
The'grandsUod will be erected oo
i toml Bo mmweto* oa UM! He Was Owe of the Md-* Pnmlaaat Voting Machlar Is Here tor Demoa-
Robert Whltahcr. lata
minister of Palo Alto and of Oakland", wlll lecture tb Jordan's Hall
oa Friday evening noxt 123d last) at
g o'clock. Mr WhIUker gave up
the Urgent church Id Oaklaad a faw
yean ago tn order to take tbe log-
tare platform Id the fstores, of Socialism Mr. Whttaker la a msmber
ot tha Socialist party and as ardeat
■upportsr of Eugene Dabs
Tha subject of the lecture will b.
Why 1 Shall Vote for Debs ." this
ta a subject of peculiar Interest at
the preeent time—jatt aboat a fort-
alght before (bo election—and every
s««tr wbe has aot hoard tho Socialist
■Mo of tho caaa afayaM take Ihta
opportunity of -i-Tti-ig it praam ted
by ens of tba best saps ass. la wT tbe
BocUIlat pbllosopbv ta California
Mr. eVhUakor waa a ancceaafD)
preacher for maay years and la wall
known aa a man. a minister aod a
aebolar: and though aeoot of hla
friends hava bad many experiences
df hla capacities ta tbaae regards
they hav* not aa yet la Palo Alto
hoard htm la hta am— role.
The Baptist, Congregational aad
.1 churches ta England are
rapidly taceateted with
the virus of tho oow economic
thought, and hundreds of the clergy
sre oa tho platform Umto speaklag
for the Socialist ontanlsatlon ta
thla country tho aame phenomenon
la being observed, perhaps In a
but nevertbeleee tn an ever
iing. wsy. It ta thought by
tho Itectallsts that tho church will
bseome Soclsliatlc In Ma interpretation of tho Now Ts-rtatrtent, and
whoa that time aiilias the Social-
hrta are expecting that aho rellgloaa
bodlea win form * powerful auxiliary fa tho introduction of the eo-
•rettve commonwealth
Two lecture will ho preceded by
a maslcal program. Tha admission
la free and all -ar* cordially invited
to amend.
the Circle near the depot aad chairs
will ha provided to accommodate all
who »uand Tke to Si ufc« wlll be-
9*9 at 1:10. There will be choke
meele aa wall aa other Interesting
feature*
IJ ahwald be borne la mint] tbat
Jadge Maraahy, the well-known Ban
Pranclaco jurist and orator, will deliver the principal addreaa aad the
Hon. C. M. rtelahew, grand proal-
dent of the Native Sou, will make
an addreee. Other prominent men
wlll apeak briefly, and the ceremonies attending the gift to the town
of the flagpole will be Unpregatve.
The eccasloa la oae wfckb ah.se Id
Internet every real-eat of the town
as a marked expression of genntae
public spirit, and all sboald be sufficiently patriotic to be preeent and
share Id the latereettnj* eeremoBfee.
PALO
ALTO WOMAN'S
tt.l'H HOMlft MKMTINO
Tbe Woman's Clob met this afternoon and after Mrs. Kerns had
road a flne report of the federation
held last week, Mra. Crockett sang
two songs which delighted ber bear-
era. Professor Dudley waa then Introduced aad gave a moat Interesting address on forestry. Thla subject Is one tbat Is dear to hla heart,
and be showed very clearly tbe
great Injury that had been done by
the wanton destruction of forests.
Tho committees from the various
departments of the festival were
not ready to make full report. Mrs.
Vail reported a balance on band of
S1.BO oa band. None of tbe reports were foil, aad there ana a
number of committees yet to bear
from. The door receipts -were hot
given.
Klcctrtral Kngtaree* la the
falted Htatta.
Profeeaor Frederic A. c. Perrlne,
head of tbe department or eleeeric-
al engineering of Stanford University from 1818 to 1999 and a nots-
ble authority on technical electric
mechanism, died at his boms In
PlalnOeld, N. J., yeaterday.
Mr. Perrlne was graduated at
Prtaeeten In 1888. took the degree
ot doctor or science there lo IttS
and master of arts In 1110. He
was assistant electrician for the eity
electric lighting company at Newark till 1888, and for the next four
years was manager ot the insulated
wire department of John A. Roeb-
llng's Sons at Trenton, and the following year waa treasurer of a big
electric company at Boston, Mans.
He waa then called to the head professorship of electrical engineering
at Stanford, where be served for
seven years with remarkable sne-
ceaa ln the Inspiration be proved te
bis stndents. Before coming west
be bad married Mlaa Margaret
Rocbllng. daughter of the head of
tho great Roebllog electrical concern of New Jeraey. She and their
three children survive him—two
girls and a boy.
While Id California Professor
Perrlne waa alao engineer of the
Standard Blectrlc Company of California, the Prince Ponlatowakl concern that was the pioneer high-ten -
slon elecerle power company of the
state. From Stanford Profeeaor
Perrlne went east to accent the
presidency of the Stanley iUectrir
Manu.acturtng Company at Pttte-
fleld, Mass. About /onr years sgo
he resigned tbat position to enter
private practice In New York aa a
consulting expert
He waa the author of a volume 6n
tbe aobject of conductors and eon-
ducting materials and waa a proline writer od subjects pertaining to
electricity. He waa a member of
all tbe great electrical and engineering societies of America and of
some of tboee of Rurope. Professor Perrin was comparatively a
young man. being but 4B yeara of
age and of an affable and magnetic
personality.
wtn.tli.it Methrods of ItecnrdJag
Vote*.
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aa
WE HAVE
-MOVED--
THE UNIVERSITY BAZAR.
MISS HANNAH, PROPRIETOR
Grand Opening Sale!
Choice Japanese Antiques
■are Wor IU of Art
Fine China and Embroidery
y
Now at 214 University Ave. g
Near Emerson Street
SiwiuiMiiMiwiniimiiiimHiiiiMimiiiWH1
sxaexesemrn. Annourir-I.
The encage-enl ot Mlas Frann's
Helen Treat and Harold M Power
I. announced Mlaa Trent I, well
known among the roans people ot
Palo Alto, ha.lne attended eehool
her. a few rear, aco. For the next
two rear* she hee Heed near Auburn. 0.1. Her -lance Is a mining;
msn and he. charge of large mining Interests st Bnlllon. Cal. The
wedding will take place on December tsth.
Mies Ethel Deeker retained lut
night from • delightful vi.it with
Berkeley friend*. Mlu Lilian Van
Dorn *ecompealed ber home and
wlll spend eereral day, here renewing old Iiiendahlps.
■ ,,,,,,,,, sss,,.
John O'Farrell
\
Landscape
Gardener
tiew esssaatj —><- o**t. Rip—nc_-—s
■ten lu—l-Utrd lor contrarl or Amy worh.
9*0 l:«w-.-_ I'.ls Alio ftMMSMK
w. B McN-ll, of da any vale, haa
been tn Palo Aho today aad will'he
here tomorrow wiitf' a voting ma-
cblne, to demonstrate to votsrs the
manner ln whlcb voting Is dona.
Tbe machine Is on' a wagoo and hi
stationed at the comer ot University avonoe and High street. Unfortunately the sample ballot foe
tha coming election hae aot yet bees
printed and the eoact appearance
on the machine Is not shown. Thla.
however, will be explained later.
One of the Important features of
the election Is In regard to the constitutional amendments. Thoae
amendments number flfteen aad
they wlll be ahowa along the top of
the machine la the following order.
A brief explanation of the amendments is given *
il. Senate amendment No. 1.
Separating state and local taxation.
In principal this Is the most important reform proposed In California for years. Tbe preaaat tax system puts all the burdens on the
landowner and ls wrong In principle and In practice. The proposed
system distributes the burden, and
ts light Id principle. Hut—
The legislature amended the proposals of the tax commission, aad
Aade the bill much more favorable
to the norporattons than waa originally Intended. The separation of
state aod local taxation now proponed ls Incomplete; the taxea of
the corporations are fixed In the
ijbnstltntion and cannot be raised,
while there ts no limit on general
taxation, wblcb must meet all de>
flclnncles. and tber* are various ob*
Jsctlons. Tbo preeent form of tbe
bill ls distinctly objectionable, and
the only excuse for passing it la
that there Is no preeent likelihood
or getting any better. It ia a step
In tbe right direction, aad the only
step we are now likely to get a
chance to take. Tfae hill wtll be op*
posed ln the great cities od distinctly selfish grounds, as well as for tha
legitimate objection*. it may aa
well ba supported In the country oo
selfish grounds. Id spite of the objections. We are disappointed tn
the bill, and doubt If it will paaa.
Dot It Is probably better to vote
rot.
(2) Senate amendment 14. raising the nay of state officers. The
only objection to thla ts that tt
glvea the lieutenant governor 94.-
000 a year, which be doee not oarn
The other increases aire moderate.
(Continued oa peg-, roer.l
'«»« IMnl
Don't Miss
The_s Concert
at oar store on FRIDAY
KVKNINsl AND t-tATORDAT
AFTERNOON.
Miss Joanna Klnslnger, the
talented harpist, will be assisted by other well-known
musldaas. It win certainty
be a musical treat.
We are now serving bot
drinks, tamalee and sand*
wlchaa; alao aome new froaen
delicacies that wt are sere
you'll like.
WILSON'S
»♦ HlllMll »♦■
We are satisfied we can save
you money on your
groceries
We handle the beat goods. We deliver at yoar door. Wo es*
chance or make good any errors.
DISHES
We are receiving Invokee of Dlshea nsoet every daj
aad look tbem over.
COFFEE
Bay JO.. Coffee from oa and get the quality kl__ I. i
OPEN AN ACCOUNT WITH VS.
SALLOWS & RHODES
PHONE TS.
r AM) Al.T
