1,721,827 research outputs found
Disablement in a community survey of multiple sclerosis
No full textFour hundred and eleven people with multiple sclerosis were found to be usually resident in the Southampton and South West Hampshire Health District on the 1st of January 1987. The prevalence, using the Poser Committee criteria, was 95/100,000 (95% C.I. 88-107). The mean age of onset was 33 years (range 10 to 60), the mean age 49 years (range 18 to 82), and median duration 13 years (range less than 1 to 56). The sex ratio was 2.1 females to each male. Three hundred and five (74%) were personally examined. They were representative of the population with regard to sex ratio, mean age, mean duration, mean age of onset and an estimate of disability from case-notes. The Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were 0-4.5 in 116 (38%), 5.0-6.5 in 95 (31%), and 7.0-9.5 in 94 (31%). One hundred (33%) were regularly incontinent of urine and this was not confined to the severely disabled. Thirteen (4%) were regularly incontinent of faeces. Twelve (4%) had pressure sores. Fifty-one percent of the males had erectile impotence. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, 7% were `cases' of depression and 36 (12%) had cognitive impairment using Folstein's Mini-Mental State Examination. Two hundred and eighty (92%) were living at home, and of these 88 (31%) were regularly dependent on a relative for help in activities of daily living. The degree of contact with, and reported comments on voluntary, social and medical services are described as well as uptake of benefits. Some suggestions are made for improvements in the regular monitoring of the needs of people with multiple sclerosis and their families.</p
Realizing Indonesia's Urban Potential
No full textIn over 70 years since its independence, Indonesia has been transformed by urbanization, and within the next quarter of a century, its transition to an urban society will be almost complete. While urbanization has produced considerable benefits for Indonesians, urbanization has the potential to deliver more prosperity, inclusiveness and livability.
Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia's Urban Potential explores the extent to which urbanization in Indonesia has delivered in terms of prosperity, inclusiveness, and livability, and the fundamental reforms that can help the country realize its urban potential. In doing so, the report introduces a new policy framework - the ACT framework - to guide policymaking. This framework emphasizes three policy principles - the need to Augment the provision and quality of infrastructure and basic services across urban and rural locations; the need to better Connect places and people with jobs and opportunities; and the need to Target lagging areas and marginalized groups through well-designed place-based policies, as well as thoughtful urban planning and design. Using this framework, the report provides policy recommendations differentiated by types of place, grounded in solid empirical evidenc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE CAR INDUSTRY IN COLOMBIA
Full text linkIn this paper I examine the effects of trade liberalization on firms´ performance and consumers´ welfare. Using product level data, I study firms´ performance in the Colombian automobile industry. Given my disaggregated data I can estimate pre and post-reform price-cost margins, as well as calculate the results by origin of production. Before the reforms were implemented, imported cars had prohibitively high tariffs, on average 200%, and were essentially unavailable. After the reforms such tariffs were reduced to 38% on average. I find that as the industry restructured prior to the iberalization process, price-cost margins dropped from 33% to 24%. After the reforms, margins increased because of the associated lower costs, but then again started to fall, reaching a low 23% for domestic cars. The behavior of price-cost margins is explained by increasing domestic competition prior to the reforms, the associated decrease in costs after the reforms and the relatively unchanged market structure. On the consumer side, the approach I follow allows me to estimate the monetary gains due to the liberalization process. I find the post-reform gains in consumers´ welfare to be, as a consequence of declining prices and increased variety, over three thousand dollars per purchaser. A counterfactual simulation, where it is assumed that no foreign cars were available after the reforms, suggests that the gains achieved by consumers are due, for the most part, to increased variety rather than to price competition.Trade Liberalization
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
