1,721,063 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Using alternate indicators to define need for public health intervention for trachoma: Evidence from the Pacific Islands
Full text linkIntroduction: Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The
presentation of trachoma in the Pacific small island states varies. This study focuses on Fiji,
where the trichiasis prevalence recorded prior to this study was very high, and the Solomon
Islands, where the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) is high enough to
warrant intervention with mass antibiotic treatment, but there is apparently little or no
trachomatous trichiasis (TT). This study aims to supplement clinical data with photographic and
molecular tools to better characterise presentation and microbiological correlates of disease.
Methods: Pre-intervention population-based prevalence surveys for trachoma were carried out
independently and in conjunction with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP).
Additionally, one focused post-intervention survey was performed. Standardised clinical data
collection was supplemented with ocular swab, dried blood spot and photograph collection.
Quantitative and sequence-based nucleic acid techniques were used for targeted and nontargeted
pathogen detection and characterisation. Enzyme immunoassays were used for
serological analysis. Clinical data was supplemented with photographs.
Results: Within the mosaic pattern of clinical trachoma in the Pacific, the prevalence of TT was
found to be very low in Fiji and the Solomon Islands. Prevalence of ocular Chlamydia
trachomatis (Ct) infection in these countries was also very low. Further investigations in the
Solomon Islands demonstrated Ct isolates found to be most closely related to ocular reference
strains. Several pathogens that are known to cause follicular conjunctivitis were found, but
neither frequency nor load of infection was associated with TF. Amplification of 16S ribosomal
RNA amplicons showed diverse ocular microbial communities but no dominant metagenomic
communities associated with TF. There is evidence of accumulation of mild scarring as age
increases, but little evidence of severe scarring, or association between any trachoma
phenotype and exposure to Ct.
Conclusion: In Solomon Island communities studied, no evidence was found of significant
burden of Ct infection, Ct transmission, trachomatous inflammation – intense, accumulation of
severe scarring in older people or TT. We therefore suspect TF in the Solomon Islands to be of
an as-yet unidentified aetiology. The WHO simplified grading system also appeared to lack
diagnostic accuracy in Fiji. There are direct implications for implementation of control measures
in the Pacific. There are additional connotations worldwide; as the global elimination effort
continues and phenotypically similar conditions are unmasked, we suspect the positive
predictive value of simplified clinical grading to drop. Use of molecular tools could differentiate
communities with a high burden of infection, a key correlate of blinding disease, from those
where resources may be better allocated elsewhere
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Dataset for: Defining seropositivity thresholds for use in trachoma elimination studies
Full text linkData sets from 2700 Uganda, 952 Laotian and 1868 Gambian participants who have informed consent to participate in a cluster-randomised serological study to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Specimens were analysed from May 2014-May 2016.\ud
Each data set contains normalised OD values for an anti-Pgp3 specific ELISA, which were used to generate a series of thresholds to define seropositive and seronegative samples
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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