64 research outputs found
EMT programs promote basal mammary stem cell and tumor-initiating cell stemness by inducing primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling
No full textTissue regeneration relies on adult stem cells (SCs) that possess the ability to self-renew and produce differentiating progeny. In an analogous manner, the development of certain carcinomas depends on a small subset of tumor cells, called “tumor-initiating cells” (TICs), with SC-like properties. Mammary SCs (MaSCs) reside in the basal compartment of the mammary epithelium, and their neoplastic counterparts, mammary TICs (MaTICs), are thought to serve as the TICs for the claudin-low subtype of breast cancer. MaSCs and MaTICs both use epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs to acquire SC properties, but the mechanism(s) connecting EMT programs to stemness remain unclear. Here we show that this depends on primary cilia, which are nonmotile, cell-surface structures that serve as platforms for receiving cues and enable activation of various signaling pathways. We show that MaSC and MaTIC EMT programs induce primary cilia formation and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which has previously been implicated in both MaSC and MaTIC function. Moreover, ablation of these primary cilia is sufficient to repress Hh signaling, the stemness of MaSCs, and the tumor-forming potential of MaTICs. Together, our findings establish primary ciliogenesis and consequent Hh signaling as a key mechanism by which MaSC and MaTIC EMT programs promote stemness and thereby support mammary tissue outgrowth and tumors of basal origin. Keywords: EMT; primary cilia; hedgehog; stemnes
Rendszer az egészségügyi weboldalak hitelesítésére = An objective scoring system to evaluate the credibility of health related websites
No full textAbsztrakt:
Bevezetés és célkitűzés: Az online egészségügyi felvilágosítás
megbízhatatlan minősége új és komoly kihívás elé állítja az orvosi szakmát. Ha a
weboldalakat hitelesség szempontjából minősítjük, akkor növeljük az esélyét,
hogy a beteg jobb szakmai minőségű információhoz jusson. Magyarországon eddig
nem történtek gyakorlati lépések az online betegfelvilágosítás minőségének ilyen
irányú javítására. Módszer: Az EgészségKommandó elnevezésű, az
egészségügyi honlapok hitelességét vizsgáló magyar, objektív szempontrendszer
2017 augusztusa óta működik nyilvánosan, és elismert indikátorokat használ
(transzparencia, tartalom, ajánlás, hivatkozások). Eredmények:
Segítségével 2017. október 10-ig 122 weboldalt értékeltünk, és a meghatározott
megfelelési küszöböt (21/27 pont) a honlapok 22,1%-a (27/122) teljesítette, míg
a JAMA-benchmark ajánlása szerint történő átvilágításuk során
csak 1 weboldalt találtunk hitelesnek (0,8%). A leggyakoribb hiányosságnak a
hivatkozások mellőzése bizonyult, csak a honlapok 15,6%-ában volt rendszeresen
(>25%) jelezve az információ eredeti forrása, valamint csak a weboldalak
18,9%-án volt feltüntetve, hogy a leírtak nem helyettesítik a betegvizsgálatot.
Szintén kiemelendő, hogy a honlapok 35,8%-ában nem volt nyilvános a szövegek
szerzője, viszont pozitívum, hogy az összes vizsgált oldal csaknem felében
(45,9%) orvosok írják a tartalmat, elérhetőséggel.
Következtetés: Az EgészségKommandó a különböző jellegű
hitelességi és minőségi indikátoroknak egy megfelelésiküszöb-alapú
pontrendszerben való alkalmazásával hatékonyan értékeli az egészségügyi
felvilágosítással foglalkozó weboldalakat. Az elismert indikátorok többszörös
hiányossága esetén kizárja a hitelességet, tehát szűr, viszont különböző jellegű
weboldalakat is képes egy rendszerben értékelni, ráadásul a magyar online
egészségügyi szférához mérten mennyiségében tud ajánlani a betegeknek
információforrást. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 511–519.
|
Abstract:
Introduction and aim: The unreliable quality of online health
contents poses a serious challenge to the medical profession. Evaluating
websites on the basis of their credibility increases the chance for readers to
access professional content of better quality. Hungary still lags behind in
taking practical steps to improve the quality and reliability of online patient
education. Method: EgészségKommandó (HealthCommando) is a new
Hungarian objective scoring system established to evaluate the credibility of
health related websites. It uses four types of indicators: transparency,
content, recommendations, references. Results: We evaluated 122
websites with EgészségKommandó. Out of this, 22.1% qualified as credible. The
same assessment using JAMA benchmarks yielded only one credible
website (0.8%). The most frequent deficiencies were the absence of reference to
source, the omission of the quote that “the website information does not replace
the doctor-patient discussion”, and the identity of the author. In 45.9% of the
cases, however, the content was written by medical professionals with contact
information. Conclusion: By applying different types of
credibility and quality indicators in a scoring system, EgészségKommandó can
efficiently assess the websites on health-awareness. In cases where the
recognized indicators are absent multiple times from a website, it will not pass
the credibility test. Thus, EgészégKommandó can act as a filter. At the same
time, EgészségKommandó is also capable of assessing webpages of different sorts
systemically, and can recommend a proportionately large amount of reliable
Hungarian medical web resources to those interested. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13):
511–519
Achievement emotions and arithmetic fluency-Development and parallel processes during the early school years
No full textThis study investigated the developmental trajectories and interrelationships of mathematics-related achieve-ment emotions and arithmetic fluency from first to third grade, and the effects of these on third grade mathe-matics performance. Participants were 232 Norwegian students. Students' emotions and arithmetic fluency were measured four times and mathematics performance once. Applying latent growth curve modeling, developmental patterns of decreasing enjoyment and increasing boredom were observed over time. The mean level of enjoyment remained fairly high, and of both boredom and anxiety quite low. Individual differences were observed in both the initial levels and development of all emotions and arithmetic fluency, indicating differences in developmental trajectories. Only the initial levels and rate of change in arithmetic fluency predicted mathematics performance at the third grade.Peer reviewe
Multivariate medial correlation with applications
No full textWe define a multivariate medial correlation coefficient that extends the probabilistic interpretation and properties of Blomqvist's coefficient, incorporates multivariate marginal dependencies and it preserves a partial ordering stronger than concordance relation. We illustrate the results in some models and provide an application on real datasets.The rst author was partially supported by the research unit Centre of Mathe matics and Applications of University of Beira Interior UIDB/00212/2020 - FCT
(Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia). The second author was nanced by Portuguese Funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia within the
Projects UIDB/00013/2020 and UIDP/00013/2020 of Centre of Mathematics of the
University of Minho, UIDB/00006/2020 of Centre of Statistics and its Applications
of University of Lisbon and PTDC/MAT-STA/28243/2017
Cribriform plate (CP) size varies markedly across mammal species.
No full textCribriform morphology variation seen within transparent 3D models of four mammals species. Models constructed with Mimics and 3-matics software from high-resolution CT scans.. (a,b), Lateral views. (a), Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) skull. (b), Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). (c-f), Dorsoposterior views. (c) Armadillo. (d), Dog (Canis familiaris, saluki breed). (e), Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). (f), Gorilla. Red: cribriform plate (CP). Green: Turbinal bones (Ethmoid, frontal, and nasal) and partial nasal septum are only clearly viewable in lateral views)
Soylent: A Word Processor with a Crowd Inside
No full textThis paper introduces architectural and interaction patterns for integrating crowdsourced human contributions directly into user interfaces. We focus on writing and editing, com-plex endeavors that span many levels of conceptual and pragmatic activity. Authoring tools offer help with prag-matics, but for higher-level help, writers commonly turn to other people. We thus present Soylent, a word processing interface that enables writers to call on Mechanical Turk workers to shorten, proofread, and otherwise edit parts of their documents on demand. To improve worker quality, we introduce the Find-Fix-Verify crowd programming pat-tern, which splits tasks into a series of generation and re-view stages. Evaluation studies demonstrate the feasibility of crowdsourced editing and investigate questions of relia-bility, cost, wait time, and work time for edits.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. IIS-0712793
Dogmatica in Leon Petrażycki : giusrealismo e principio di legalità
No full textThe purpose of this article is to clarify Petrażycki’s distinction between on the one hand the general (psycho-sociological) theory of law and descriptive legal science and, on the other, legal dogmatics. The author first discusses some general statements of Petrażycki’s with regard to the purpose of legal dogmatics, then examines Petrażycki’s discussion of the concept of ‘statute’ for the general (psycho-sociological) theory of law, on one hand, and for the (general theory of) legal dog-matics on the other. The better to highlight Petrażycki’s theoretical tenets, Fittipaldi compares Petrażycki’s concept of ‘statute’ with Kelsen’s, thus showing that Petraży-cki’s distinction between descriptive legal science and legal dogmatics has remark-able theoretical advantages compared to Kelsen’s distinction between sociology of law and normative jurisprudence. He also shows, however, that Petrażycki’s ap-proach needs to be completed with Kelsen’s concept of ‘Grundnorm’. According to Fittipaldi, the general (psycho-sociological) theory of law and legal dogmatics both need their own concept of ‘Grundnorm’
Dot product in school mathematics
No full textTitle: Dot product in school mathematics Author: Veronika Krejčí Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: Mgr. Halas Zdeněk, DiS., Ph.D., Department of Mathematics Edu- cation Abstract: The theme of the bachelor thesis is the dot product in school mathe- matics. The bachelor thesis is adressed to the teachers, who teach at the secondary school. The first part consist of an analysis of the textbooks, the result of the ana- lysis is the reason to write this bachelor thesis and to build a new introduction to the theme of the dot product. In the second part we build the new introduction. The third and the fourth part consist of application of the dot product. Keywords: dot product, hyperplane, distance, angle
Derivation and Use of Mathematical Models in Systems Biology
No full textSystems Biology has brought together researchers from biology, mathe-matics, physics and computer science to illuminate our understanding of biologicalmechanisms. In this chapter, we provide an overview of numerical techniques andconsiderations required to construct useful models describing natural phenomena.Initially, we show how the dynamics of single molecules up to the developmentof tissues can be described mathematically over both temporal and spatial scales.Importantly, we discuss the issue of model selection whereby multiple models candescribe the same phenomena. We then illustrate how reaction rates can be estimatedfrom datasets and experimental observations as well as highlighting the “parameteridentifiability problem”. Finally, we suggest ways in which mathematical modelscan be used to generate new hypothesesand aid researchers in uncoveringthe designprinciples regulating specific biological mechanisms. We hope that this chapter willprovide an introduction to the ideas of mathematical modelling for those that wishto incorporate it into their research
Unsteady aerodynamics, reduced-order modelling, and predictive control in linear and nonlinear aeroelasticity with arbitrary kinematics
No full textThis thesis concerns the development of computational methods for efficient flexible-aircraft flight dynamics analyses. An argument is made for a hierarchy of methods that provide predictive capability for loads and stability analyses, and the ability to create low-order dynamic models for control system synthesis. The proposed aeroelastic models are formulated using
three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics in the form of an unsteady vortex-lattice method developed to model the relatively complex kinematics inherent in flexible-aircraft dynamics, and in particular the unsteady induced drag. No assumptions are made relating to the kine-
matics of the fluid-structure interface (inputs) and use of the three-dimensional Joukowski relation naturally resolves all components of the unsteady aerodynamic forcing (outputs). A consistent linearization of this method about an arbitrary reference state yields nondimen-
sional (independent of free-stream dynamic pressure) discrete-time state-space models that resolve frequencies up to a spatio-temporal Nyquist limit defined by the wake discretization, and have a convenient form for coupling with structural dynamics models. Aircraft structural
components are modelled using a geometrically-exact composite beam formulation, and, additionally, in the case of linear dynamics, a generic modal description. The latter allows the linear aerodynamics to be expressed in a reduced set of inputs and outputs, thus obtaining a
time-domain alternative to the classical frequency-domain-based doublet-lattice method. The models modified for these modal degrees-of-freedom are shown to be amenable to balanced realization and truncation, and are verified in flutter analyses where only 10-100 balanced states are required (compared to 1000-10,000 physical states) for converged results. Finally, predictive controllers and linear-quadratic regulators are synthesized using reduced-order aeroelastic models, and are applied in nonlinear simulations for gust-load alleviation.Open Acces
- …
