3,216 research outputs found
CAPRI versus AGLINK-COSIMO: Two partial equilibrium models - Two baseline approaches
No full textThe agricultural modelling world has generated several models aiming at the analysis of the response of the sector to certain changes in exogenous mainly policy variables. Among those, the CAPRI modelling system developed by a consortium centred on the University of Bonn and the AGLINK-COSIMO model, a joint product of the OECD and the FAO, are well known and accepted as comprehensive tools. This analysis focuses on a qualitative comparison of both models and particularly on the process of setting up the baseline. The baseline is a medium-term projection of agricultural markets reflecting current policies and those already decided upon. This projection in turn serves as the base for comparisons when analyzing scenarios. It is shown that CAPRI uses generic and automatic procedures whenever possible for conducting the database and the baseline, while AGLINK-COSIMO puts more emphasis on expert knowledge in this process. Both approaches are shown to have certain advantages while the conclusion that a combination of them would potentially improve both models will be drawn from this analysis.CAPRI, AGLINK-COSIMO, Baseline process, Agricultural and Food Policy,
After the Addendum: Author Rights Management and/as Library Service
No full textThis report presents the findings from a qualitative study of Rice University faculty attitudes and practices around author rights conducted by Marcel LaFlamme, a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology, during his tenure as a Fondren Fellow. This project was supervised by Shannon Kipphut-Smith, Fondren Library’s scholarly communications liaison
Ruskin traduzido: Sesame and Lilies por Proust e Catalán
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2009.Este trabalho parte da análise das traduções da obra Sesame and Lilies, de John Ruskin, para o francês e para o castelhano para fazer um exame de questões ligadas ao gênero ensaístico, à tradução de ensaios e à autoria. Para isso, analisarei a tradução de Marcel Proust para o francês e seu paratexto e a tradução para o castelhano feita por Miguel Catalán e o respectivo paratexto.This study analises the translations of Sesame and Lilies, by John Ruskin, into French and Spanish in order to examine issues related to the essay as a literary genre, to the translation of essays and to authorship. This exam will be carried out by analising the translation into French by Marcel Proust and its paratext and the translation into Spanish by Miguel Catalán, accompanied by its paratext
Prebiotics: the concept revisited.
No full textA prebiotic is "a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health." Today, only 2 dietary nondigestible oligosaccharides fulfill all the criteria for prebiotic classification. The daily dose of the prebiotic is not a determinant of the prebiotic effect, which is mainly influenced by the number of bifidobacteria/g in feces before supplementation of the diet with the prebiotic begins. The ingested prebiotic stimulates the whole indigenous population of bifidobacteria to growth, and the larger that population, the larger is the number of new bacterial cells appearing in feces. The "dose argument" is thus not supported by the scientific data: it is misleading for consumers and should not be allowed. A prebiotic index is proposed, defined as "the increase in the absolute number of bifidobacteria expressed divided by the daily dose of prebiotic ingested.
Jean-Marcel Jeanneney à l'OFCE - Fondations et contributions (1981-1989).
No full textJean-Marcel Jeanneney était un économiste rare, à la fois théoricien, empiriste et praticien. C’est son aventure à la tête de l’OFCE que ce livre raconte, ou plutôt qu’il laisse l’auteur lui-même conter au travers d’articles écrits depuis le premier jour de son premier mandat de Président de notre institution. Ce recueil s’ouvre sur une introduction qui rappelle l'attachement du fondateur de l’OFCE au « libéralisme intellectuel», cette indépendance vis-à-vis des idées reçues qu’il jugeait indispensable à la conduite de politiques publiques raisonnables. Il est ensuite structuré en trois parties dont les titres font écho à une oe uvre marquante de Jean-Marcel Jeanneney : Vouloir le débat public en économie, Une mémoire au service de la prospective et Écoute le monde qui vient : intégration globale et unification européenne. Ce volume est un hommage à la mémoire de Jean-Marcel Jeanneney mais plus encore à sa présence. Les textes rassemblés ici par Jean-Paul Fitoussi et Éloi Laurent nous rappellent l’actualité des enseignements les plus précieux de Jean-Marcel Jeanneney : honnêteté, courage et espérance.
Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?
No full textA probiotic is a viable microbial dietary supplement that beneficially affects the host through its effects in the intestinal tract. Probiotics are widely used to prepare fermented dairy products such as yogurt or freeze-dried cultures. In the future, they may also be found in fermented vegetables and meats. Several health-related effects associated with the intake of probiotics, including alleviation of lactose intolerance and immune enhancement, have been reported in human studies. Some evidence suggests a role for probiotics in reducing the risk of rotavirus-induced diarrhea and colon cancer. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that benefit the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. Work with prebiotics has been limited, and only studies involving the inulin-type fructans have generated sufficient data for thorough evaluation regarding their possible use as functional food ingredients. At present, claims about reduction of disease risk are only tentative and further research is needed. Among the claims are constipation relief, suppression of diarrhea, and reduction of the risks of osteoporosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, obesity, and possibly type 2 diabetes. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics in a synbiotic has not been studied. This combination might improve the survival of the bacteria crossing the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby enhancing their effects in the large bowel. In addition, their effects might be additive or even synergistic
Concepts in functional foods: the case of inulin and oligofructose.
No full textRecent advances in biosciences support the hypothesis that diet modulates various body functions. Diet may maintain well-being and reduce the risk of some diseases. Such discoveries have led to the concept of "functional food" and the development of the new discipline, i.e., "functional food science." A practical and simple definition of a "functional food" is a food for which a claim has been authorized. The food components to be discussed as potential "functional food ingredients" are the inulin-type fructans, i.e., chicory inulin and oligofuctose. The targets for their effects are the colonic microflora, the gastrointestinal physiology, the immune functions, the bioavailability of minerals, the metabolism of lipids and colonic carcinogenesis. Potential health benefits include reduction of risk of colonic diseases, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and cancer. The documentation of such benefits requires scientific evidence that must be evaluated in terms of "health claims." Previous assessments have concluded that, in terms of "functional claims," strong evidence exists for a prebiotic effect and improved bowel habit. The evidence for calcium bioavailability is promising, and positive modulation of triglyceride metabolism is undergoing preliminary evaluation. Scientific research still must be done to support any "disease risk reduction claim," but sound hypotheses do already exist for designing the relevant human nutrition trials
Concepts and strategy of functional food science: the European perspective.
No full textRecent knowledge supports the hypothesis that, beyond meeting nutrition needs, diet may modulate various functions in the body and play detrimental or beneficial roles in some diseases. Concepts in nutrition are expanding from emphasis on survival, hunger satisfaction, and preventing adverse effects to emphasizing the use of foods to promote a state of well-being and better health and to help reduce the risk of disease. In many countries, especially Japan and the United States, research on functional foods is addressing the physiologic effects and health benefits of foods and food components, with the aim of authorizing specific health claims. The positive effects of a functional food can be either maintaining a state of well-being and health or reducing the risk of pathologic consequences. Among the most promising targets for functional food science are gastrointestinal functions, redox and antioxidant systems, and metabolism of macronutrients. Ongoing research into functional foods will allow the establishment of health claims that can be translated into messages for consumers that will refer to either enhanced function or reduction of disease risk. Only a rigorous scientific approach that produces highly significant results will guarantee the success of this new discipline of nutrition. This presents a challenge for the scientific community, health authorities, and the food industry
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