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Optimising workplace learning in postgraduate medical education : towards supporting residents and supervisors in clinical practice
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Optimising workplace learning in postgraduate medical education : towards supporting residents and supervisors in clinical practice
No full textAbstract: The training of medical specialists, also known as postgraduate medical education (PGME), primarily entails workplace learning. Workplace learning (WPL) refers to the acquisition of professional skills while actively engaging in the authentic work environment. In recent years, significant advancements have occurred in this WPL framework for residents specialising in various fields. These developments stem from the exponential growth of medical knowledge and technologies, coupled with substantial progress in educational research focused on medical training and the education of medical specialists.10,11 In Chapter 1, the introduction, these developments are thoroughly discussed, along with key determinants of the quality of resident training, namely the workplace, the intended learning outcomes, and the learning process. Chapter 2 outlines the various research objectives. In Chapter 3, the first research objective is discussed. There is much literature detailing the facilitators and challenges encountered during residents' WPL. However, there was no such study specifically within the context of Flanders, where the specialist training uniquely integrates WPL with the Master in Specialist Medicine (MSM) program. Therefore, focus groups were conducted, inviting both residents and supervisors to share their perspectives on what worked well and what did not during WPL. Three themes emerged: dual learning path, feedback, and supporting the learning process. Within each theme, facilitators and challenges were identified. This dissertation primarily focuses on addressing the identified challenges to enhance WPL. Within the theme of the dual learning path, one issue discussed was the lack of clarity regarding the competencies to be attained. Either the residents did not know an established competency framework, or multiple frameworks were in use which led to confusion. Specifically within paediatric residency, two frameworks were currently employed: the framework of the MSM, which is integrated into the electronic portfolio, and the framework for general training paediatrics established by the European Union of Medical Specialists. Additionally, the CanMEDS competency framework is predominantly used in undergraduate medical education. In Chapter 4, these three frameworks were systematically scrutinised and merged. Subsequently, this framework was validated through a Delphi study. Five groups of experts iteratively provided their opinions on the relevance and formulation of the competencies. Ultimately, a set of 95 competencies was validated after three rounds of the Delphi process. Building upon the findings of the focus group discussions outlined in Chapter 3, it was identified within the theme of learning support that there were insufficient opportunities for direct observation, as well as challenges in fostering thorough self-reflection due to limited input. The use of video recordings could offer a potential solution to address these issues. Consequently, Chapter 5 presents a systematic review which assessed the various ways in which video could be employed, as well as the learning effects described in current literature regarding its use during WPL of residents. The recording needed to take place within an environment where cameras are not typically integrated into routine clinical practice. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria; all demonstrated a positive impact, yet they showed considerable heterogeneity in their designs, making it challenging to formulate general recommendations regarding the use of video in residency training solely based on this review. Chapter 6 presents the pilot study in which paediatric residents, working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), recorded a video of themselves during a clinical activity. Subsequently, these trainees engaged in self-reflection before and after watching the video using a structured self-reflection form. A comparison of these self-reflections before and after video review revealed a significant increase in the number of areas for improvement identified by the residents. However, their self-satisfaction levels remained unaffected. Additionally, residents noted proportionally more strengths than areas for improvement both before and after video review. They also found integration of video review into their training feasible. Subsequently, the general discussion in Chapter 7 presented several recommendations based on the findings of the preceding studies and the current knowledge available in the literature. This was followed by the limitations of this dissertation, which were critically examined and reflected upon. Finally, there remains the reflection on whether this thesis has indeed investigated how WPL in PGME can be optimised, providing support not only to the residents but to their supervisors and supervising colleagues as well. The recommendations formulated are a step in the right direction, but further research is necessary to support this advice. Moreover, there is ample work ahead for residents, supervisors, educationalists, hospital managers, researchers and policymakers to collaboratively support the translation of theory in medical education research into practice. Only through collaboration among all stakeholders can an optimal residency training program be achieved
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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