1,721,347 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Final remarks
No full textThe former soviet states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) face the challenge of en-gaging civil society and developing frameworks for governance and regulation as they begin to consider the use and consequences of new biotechnologies. A history of under development of the life sciences during communism and state withdrawal from certain policy areas during economic transition, contextualise the problem in a unique way, in that new democratic institutions which could exist in a regional and global context needed to be developed. We review the chapters of this volume and the particular details they add to the context and the nature of the challenge. We find that in these younger democracies, key players, including various dominant civil society actors and experts have a particu-larly strong role to play in shaping policy and where public engagement has taken place it has not appeared to have had an impact on decisions regarding new biotechnologies. Thus, in many respects the biotechnological landscape in CEE is similar to other parts of Europe, but its history of state control and dominance of key actors, combined with a still developing civil society has meant that publics have had even less of a role in determining social futures
Human life science and agricultural biotechnology in transition: an introduction
No full textThis chapter provides historical context to the biotechnological landscape of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Under the Soviet system, innovation systems were state-based and extremely interventionist, and during transition there was a policy vacuum and economic instability that threatened their future. However, biotechnological innovation systems have emerged from transition relatively unscathed. Questions remain about how CEE countries engage with new knowledge and conditions that come with EU accession and biotechnology development. It seems that most countries in the region have not embraced the governance agenda and are expert-led, and sometimes are unable to marshal effectively the global context of many technologies, to national scientific, economic and cultural advantage. Contributions to this volume also suggest that the governance dynamics around biotechnologies are similar in many respects to other countries, but are shaped, like in other contexts by national and local politics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
