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Formování raně středověkého státu z pohledu archeologie. Otázky typologie a chronologie archeologických památek (konec 10. ? polovina 13. století) na jihozápadní Rusi.
No full textArcheologia jest nauką, która bada przeszłość ludzkości w oparciu o pozostawione przez człowieka świadectwa materialne - zabytki. Do podstawowych zadań archeologów próbujących rekonstruować przeszłe procesy kulturowe należy ustalenie, kiedy obiekty te były częścią kultury żywej, kiedy zaś zmieniły kontekst, stając się źródłami archeologicznymi. Jakość tych rekonstrukcji - prawidłowe uchwycenie dynamiki zmian w minionych społeczeństwach - w wysokim stopniu zależy właśnie od dokładności w określeniu wieku zabytków archeologicznych. Niniejsza rozprawa poświęcona jest podstawom i metodom datowania materialnych pozostałości trwającej ok. dwa i pół stulecia fazy wczesnopaństwowej wczesnego średniowiecza na zachodnich ziemiach współczesnej Ukrainy. Na dysertację składają się obszerne wstęp i zakończenie oraz książka i kilkanaście artykułów autora wybranych spośród publikacji ogłoszonych drukiem w latach 2002-2023 w kilku krajach europejskich. W pracach tych autor poddał analizie różne rodzaje zabytków archeologicznych - zarówno ruchomych (militaria, ozdoby i in.; w tym też skarby), jak i nieruchomych (grodziska, cmentarzyska). Przedstawił aktualny stan badań nad nimi, a w wypadku zabytków ruchomych zwykle także ocenę ich przydatności jako wyznaczników chronologii. Wprowadził do obiegu naukowego szereg propozycji w zakresie typologii i datowania tych materiałów. Ze szczególną uwagą autor zajął się niezwykle ważną nekropolą z pochówkami drużynnymi (ok. X/XI w.) w Podhorcach-Pleśnisku, która budzi duże zainteresowanie w środowisku mediewistów europejskich. Na końcu zamieścił artykuł, w którym przedstawił poglądy na metodykę datowania w zachodnioukraińskiej archeologii średniowiecza. Autor rozpatrywał okres od końca X do połowy XIII w., któremu odpowiada jednostka kulturowa określana mianem kultury staroruskiej. Jej początek na omawianym terenie wyznaczyć można na schyłek X w., kiedy to ekspandujące ku zachodowi państwo ruskie Włodzimierza Wielkiego rozciągnęło się na ziemie nad Horyniem oraz górnymi Bugiem, Dniestrem i Sanem. Nie kończy się ona wraz z wczesnym średniowieczem, ale wykracza poza omawiany okres o z górą stulecie w ramach księstw ruskich, a następnie trwa jako jeden z nurtów kulturowych w ramach państwowości polskiej i litewskiej. Przeobrażenia w kulturze staroruskiej, jakie zachodziły ok. połowy XIII w. wiążą się m.in. ze zniszczeniami spowodowanymi nawałą mongolską Batu-chana w zimie 1240/1241 r. Najazd ten stanowił niewątpliwą cezurę w dziejach Rusi, choć wciąż kwestią do rozważań pozostaje stopień zmian w jej kulturze. Właśnie wtedy rozpoczął się na omawianym obszarze ostatni okres odrębnego bytu politycznego, który pod względem archeologicznym jest rozpoznany bardzo słabo. Zasięg terytorialny pracy obejmuje głównie zachodnie obwody współczesnej Ukrainy, jednak w niektórych pracach autor uwzględnił znaleziska spoza tego obszaru, w tym z obecnego terenu Polski. Dzisiejsze granice administracyjne wykorzystał wyłącznie ze względów praktycznych. Nie odpowiadają one żadnemu wczesnośredniowiecznemu podziałowi politycznemu ani w okresie plemiennym, gdy omawiany obszar był częścią wielkiego - rozciągającego się od Łaby do Dniepru - i słabo zróżnicowanego wewnętrznie kontinuum kulturowego, którego wschodnia część otrzymała nazwę kultury rajkowskiej (Łuka Rajkowiecka), ani w państwowym, gdy wchodził w skład Rusi (Kijowskiej), a później księstw sukcesyjnych. Tak samo jest z późnośredniowiecznymi granicami politycznymi, czy to jeszcze w czasach księstw ruskich, czy w składzie Litwy, Polski lub Węgier.ObhájenoArchaeology is the science that examines the past of the mankind on the basis of material testimonies - archaeological sites and artefacts - left by human beings. The main goal of archaeologists trying to reconstruct past cultural processes is to determine when these artefacts have been existing as the part of the living culture and to grasp the moment they changed the context becoming archaeological sources. The quality of these reconstructions - correct capturing changes dynamics in bygone societies - depends to a considerable degree on exact determination of age of archaeological artefacts. This dissertation is dedicated to bases and methods of dating of material relics coming from the early state phase of the Early Middle Ages lasting two and a half century in the western areas of contemporary Ukraine. The thesis consists an extensive introduction and conclusion, as well as a book and over a dozen articles selected from the author's publications published from 2002 to 2023 in several European countries. In these publications the author analyzed various kinds of archaeological sites (strongholds, cemeteries) and artefacts (military items, ornamentations and others including also treasures). The author presented the current state of research and - in case of moveable artefacts - the appraisal of their utility as chronological determinants. In his publications he introduced to scientific discourse numerous suggestions concerning dating and typology of materials in question. The author paid a special attention to the research into a particularly important necropolis with druzhina burials (dated around the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries) in Pidhirtsi-Plisnesk (P?dg?rc?-Pl?snes´k) presenting a significant value for European mediaevalists. At the end of the dissertation the author placed the article, in which he presented a view on the methodology of dating in Western Ukrainian archaeology of the Middle Ages. In this dissertation the author considered the period from the end of the 10th century to the half of the 13th century - referring to the cultural unit described as the Old Ruthenian culture. Its beginning within the discussed area is linked with the close of the 10th century when the Rus´ state was ruled by Vladimir the Great expanding towards west spread over the areas in the basin of the Horyn River and the upper Bug River, the Dniester River and the San River. It had not finished with the decline of the Early Middle Ages but it went on more than one hundred years beyond the discussed period within early East Slavic states and then it lasted as one of cultural currents in the scope of Polish and Lithuanian statehood. Transformations within the Old Ruthenian culture in the half of 13th century were connected with damages caused by Mongol invasion under Batu Khan command in winter 1240/1241. This conquest was a caesura in the history of Rus´ - although the degree of transformations its culture is still an open question. This season within the discussed area was the last period of the separate political existence but it still remains almost unrecognized archeologically. The territorial scope of the dissertation encompasses mainly western oblasts of contemporary Ukrainet he author also took into account discoveries from outside this area including materials from the territory of Poland. Contemporary administrative borders were useful only for practical reasons. They do not refer to any political division in Middle Ages, neither in tribal period, when the discussed area was the part of the great cultural continuum - spreading from the Elbe River to the Dnieper River - which eastern part is described as Raiky or Luka Raikovetska culture nor in a period when it was the part of the (Kievan) Rus´ and then the part of hereditary duchies. The same situation is in case of late medieval political borders - in times of Rus´ duchies or in Lithuania, Poland and Hungary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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