1,721,152 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Nowe horyzonty w leczeniu przewlekłej białaczki limfocytowej
Get PDFChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the western world, accounting for approximately 30% of all leukemias in Europe and North America. Recently, significant progress in the characterization and understanding of the biology and prognosis of CLL has provided new opportunities for the development of innovative, more effective therapies. Several new anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphoid cells have been developed and are under investigation in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Currently, the most promising is obinutuzumab, a novel third generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that exhibits superior caspase-independent apoptosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity than rituximab. The antibody has shown a safety profile similar to that of rituximab and promising efficacy in patients with CLL. The CD37 antigen may be advantageous over CD20 in diseases in which the level of CD37 expression is higher than that of CD20. The results of recent preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that anti-CD37 antibodies and related agents can be useful in the treatment of CLL, and many small molecule inhibitors targeting B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathways have recently been under investigation in patients. Promising clinical results have been observed with a Btk inhibitor, ibrutinib, and a selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ, idelalisib. Several other agents including immunomodulating agents and those targeting the antiapoptotic bcl-2 family of proteins also show promise in treating CLL. Moreover, immune-based treatment strategies intended to augment the cytotoxic potential of T cells offer exciting new treatment options for patients with CLL
Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Get PDFPrzeciwciała monoklonalne przyczyniły się do znacznego postępu w leczeniu przewlekłej białaczki limfocytowej (CLL). Największe znaczenie kliniczne mają obecnie alemtuzumab i rytuksymab. Rytuksymab jest hybrydowym ludzkim/mysim przeciwciałem, reagującym z antygenem CD20. Jest on obecnie stosowany głównie w terapii skojarzonej, najczęściej łącznie z analogami puryn i cyklofosfamidem, zarówno w pierwszej, jak i w kolejnych liniach leczenia. alemtuzumab jest humanizowanym, szczurzym przeciwciałem monoklonalnym reagującym z antygenem CD52. alemtuzumab jest stosowany u chorych opornych na analogi puryn. Może być również bardzo cennym lekiem w CLL z mutacją genu p53 lub delecją 17p. Ofatumumab (HuMax, Arzerra) jest ludzką immunoglobuliną (Ig)G1K. reaguje on z antygenem CD20, lecz rozpoznaje inny epitop tego antygenu niż rytuksymab. obecnie ofatumumab jest zarejestrowany do leczenia chorych na CLL, opornych na fludarabinę i alemtuzumab. ponadto, wiele nowych przeciwciał monoklonalnych jest ocenianych u chorych na CLL w badaniach przedklinicznych i klinicznych. Należą do nich lumiliksymab, obinutuzumab (GA-101), TRU-016, moxetumomab pasudotox i inne leki.Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have changed the natural course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The most important clinical value in the patients with CLL have at present two mAbs – rituximab and alemtuzumab. The first one is a human mouse antibody, rituximab (IDEC C2B8, Rituxan, Mabthera) that targets CD20 antigen. The second is alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), a humanized form of a rat antibody active against CD52. Over the last few years, several new monoclonal antibodies have been investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials for patients affected by CLL. The most promising are mAbs directed against CD20, CD22, CD23, CD37 and CD40. New generations of anti-CD20 mAbs were engineered to have augmented antitumor activity by increasing complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and increased Fc binding affinity. New mAbs directed against CD20 include human mAb ofatumumab (Arzerra, HuMax CD20) and obinutuzumab (GA-101), a novel third – generation fully humanized and optimized mAb. These agents are highly cytotoxic against B-cell lymphoid cells and are evaluated in CLL. Some other new mAbs are also active in indolent NHL. These treatments include epratuzumab, apolizumab, galiximab, anti-TRAIL receptors mAbs, anti-CD37 and anti-CD40 mAbs. Small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIP) that retain Fc mediated effector functions have been also developed and investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The SMIP molecules include TRU-015 (anti-CD20) and TRU-016 (anti-CD37). Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of these agents in CLL
Przewlekła białaczka limfocytowa wysokiego ryzyka
Get PDFChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is predominantly a disease of the elderly, with uniquely heterogeneous course. Advanced age has consistently been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with CLL, predominantly due to the frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions. Older and/or comorbid patients with CLL may not tolerate more aggressive approach and in these patients, chlorambucil, especially combined with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, is recommended as the first-line treatment. In physically fit patients without deletion of 17p or TP53 deletion/mutation FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab) is the standard first-line therapy. Patients carrying deletion of 17p or mutations of TP53 have a poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. In these patients alemtuzumab-based regimens are frequently used but until recently only allogeneic stem cell transplantation holds the prospect for longer survival. Recently targeted therapies with B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors, ibrutinib and idelalisib or BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax (ABT-199) are associated with remarkable activity in patients with del(17p)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in older patients
Get PDFChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is predominantly a disease of the elderly, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. However, the definition of a cut-off point for a patient to be considered elderly is an important issue. The majority of epidemiological studies and clinical trials use a cut-off point of 65 or 70 years to select the elderly population for this leukemia, but more than half of the patients who require therapy are older than 70 years of age. Advanced age has consistently been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with CLL, predominantly due to the frequent occurrence of co-morbid conditions. Such concerns may result in a less aggressive therapeutic approach. Performance status, biological age and number, severity of comorbid conditions should be incorporated into decision-making process with regard to intensity of treatment. Elderly and/or comorbid patients with CLL may not tolerate more aggressive approach due to high risk of unacceptable toxicity of purine nucleoside analogs, especially in combination with cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Therefore in this patient population, chlorambucil is still accepted as the first-line treatment and this agent remains the backbone of treatment against which the new protocols should be tested
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