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A global comparison of the impacts of social, economic, and political determinants on population health
No full text本論文從全球性觀點出發，以國家層級為研究分析單位，探討長期全球社會、經濟及政治因素與人口健康之關連的研究，包括兩大部分：
一、分析國家治理與人口健康之相關：共收集到149個國家在1996年至2010年的資料；結果顯示，在控制經濟發展與疾病防治程度之影響後，好的國家治理有助於延長平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率。
二、分析較低發展國家中，民主化程度與人口健康之相關：共收集到120個國家在1970年至2004年的資料；結果顯示，社會經濟發展仍為提升平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率之主要因子，國家的民主化也有助於延長國家人民平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率。
本研究結果建議未來推動全球衛生改善方案時，應倡導並促進國家的治理與民主化。This dissertation aims to investigate the associations between social, economic, and political determinants and population health on a global scale, including two parts:
1. Association between governance and population health: We obtained data between 1996 and 2010 for 149 countries. Good governance is significantly associated with higher life expectancy and lower under-five mortality, taking into account factors of development (mainly urbanization and economy) and disease control (mainly hygienic conditions and immunization rates).
2. Association between democracy and population health in less developed countries: We obtained data between 1970 and 2004 for 120 less developed countries. We found significantly lagged effect of democracy and three socioeconomic factors—economy, educational environment, and nutritional status—on increased life expectancy at birth and decreased under-five mortality rates. Changes in political regime toward or away from democratic authority exerts persistently effects on under-five mortality rates decrease during the subsequent 1−10 years while the effects are more predictive for life expectancy increase after a lag of 3+ years.
The findings of this dissertation suggest global health practice on promoting a country’s need for better governance and democracy.中文摘要 ................................................................................................. i
Abstract ................................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents.................................................................................. iii
List of Figures ....................................................................................... v
List of Tables......................................................................................... vii
List of Abbreviations Used .................................................................... ix
1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background....................................................................................... 1
1.2 International perspectives ................................................................. 4
1.3 Studies on determinants of health................................................... 10
1.4 Governance issue on population health .................................. 15
1.5 Limitation and unanswered questions in previous studies .............. 17
2. Objectives ........................................................................................ 21
3. Materials and Methods ..................................................................... 23
3.1 Studied countries ........................................................................... 23
3.2 Association between governance and population health.................. 26
3.3 Association between political regime and population health ........... 32
4. Results.............................................................................................. 38
4.1. Representativeness of studied countries ........................................ 38
4.2 Association between governance and population health.................. 42
4.3 Association between political regime and population health ........... 50
5. Discussion ........................................................................................ 68
5.1 Key findings ................................................................................... 68
5.2 Political determinants: governance and democracy ......................... 69
5.3 Socioeconomic determinants........................................................... 72
5.4 Lag and bi-directional effects ......................................................... 74
5.5 MDG and post-2015 agenda........................................................... 75
5.6 Limitations...................................................................................... 81
5.7 Strengths ....................................................................................... 86
6. Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................... 88
7. References........................................................................................ 91
Appendix .............................................................................................. I
Part 1. Lin RT, Chien LC, Chen YM, Chan CC. “Governance matters: an ecological association between governance and child mortality” International Health 2014 ...................................................................... I
Part 2. Lin RT, Chen YM, Chien LC, Chan CC. “Political and social determinants of life expectancy in less developed countries: a longitudinal study” BMC Public Health 2012 Jan; 12:85.............................................. II
Part 3. Lin RT, Chan CC. “Warmer climate and workers’ health and productivity in Taiwan” Global Health Action 2009 Nov; 52-57.............. III
Part 4. Lin RT, Chan CC. “Global climate change and implications for emerging infectious diseases” Journal of Healthcare Quality 2009 Jul;3(4):4-8. (in Chinese) ...................................................................... I
Dr. Lin Sun, CAU, March 2013
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Lin Sun. Dr. Sun talks about an exhibit at the Woodruff Library titled "At The Boundary." Jordan Moore, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
The Effects of Ergonomic Intervention Program on Reducing Musculoskeletal Risk Factors and Symptoms among Female Semiconductor Fabrication Room Workers
No full text本篇論文之目的為評估人因改善方案應用在職場的成效，內容包含兩大部分，第一部分針對晶圓製造廠推動的人因教育訓練課程進行成效評估，藉由現場訪視問卷，追蹤調查對減輕現場作業女性員工肌肉骨骼危險因子（包括上肢、背部及下肢、及人工物料搬運）之影響。研究結果顯示訓練內容沒有明確量化說明及沒有實際工程設備改善，實施教育訓練顯然無效；但對降低背部及下肢，以及部份人工物料搬運危險因子有效。第二部分針對電腦工作站改善進行成效評估，收集現場四十位員工自填問卷及做實際觀察，評估符合人因設計之電腦工作站對減輕晶圓製造廠現場作業女性員工肩部肌肉骨骼危險因子及不適症狀之影響。研究結果發現改善組員工在介入後一個月顯著降低肩部危險因子及不適症狀。三個月之後，改善組員工仍無肩部不當作業姿勢；但對於重覆性作業及員工肩部不適症狀成效則只維持一個月。後來經過探討分析發現，肇因於改善一個月後員工平均使用電腦的時間增加；由此可見使用符合人因設計之電腦工作站的確能有效降低肌肉骨骼危險因子及不適症狀，但仍需搭配作業時間長短的管理。未來工業衛生師能參考本研究結果及建議，更有系統性地評估作業環境的人因危害及推動職場人因工程介入方案。The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic intervention program on reducing female semiconductor fabrication room (fab) workers’ musculoskeletal risk factors (MRF) and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). There are two parts in this thesis with Part 1 aiming at ergonomic education and Part 2 targeting at ergonomically redesigned workstations. By following up 34 fab workers for 9 months in Part 1, this study showed that ergonomic education was effective in reducing all back and lower extremity risk factors and most manual handling risk factors. By contrast, this study showed no educational effect on reducing MRFs for all upper extremity and some lower extremity. By prospectively studying 40 fab workers, including 20 workers using ergonomically redesigned workstations in the intervention group and another 20 workers using original workstations in the control group, for 5 months in Part 2, this study showed that the intervention group’s MRFs of awkward shoulder postures and repetitive motions as well as MSSs in shoulders were significant lower than the control group’s one month after intervention. The lowering effects persisted for three months on awkward shoulder postures but lasted for only one month on repetitive motions and shoulder symptoms after intervention. This thesis’s findings are useful for industrial hygienists in designing or evaluating their ergonomic intervention programs in the workplace in the future.論文中文摘要 i
Thesis abstract ii
Contents iii
List of figures iv
Lift of tables vi
Preamble 1
Objective 2
Thesis format 2
Part 1: Evaluating ergonomic education: a follow-up study in female semiconductor fabrication room workers’ musculoskeletal risk factors reduction 4
Abstract 5
Introduction 6
Materials and methods 7
Results 10
Discussion 11
Part 2: Effectiveness of workstation design on reducing musculoskeletal risk factors and symptoms among female semiconductor fabrication room workers 19
Abstract 20
Introduction 21
Materials and methods 23
Results 29
Discussion 32
Conclusion and recommendations 44
References 45
Appendix 1 作業員工肌肉骨骼傷害與工作環境舒適度調查表 50
Appendix 2 作業環境人因工程改善調查問卷 52
Appendix 3問卷調查評估流程 5
Facile synthesis of ginsenoside Ro
No full textTwo concise synthetic routes, being different in the glycosylation sequence, toward ginsenoside Ro (1) are developed. These syntheses feature the elaboration of the glucuronide residue at a later stage via the TEMPO-mediated selective oxidation and the installation of AZMB as a benzoylic neighboring participating group capable of being selectively removed afterward
An Analysis of <i>Judge Lin</i>
No full textBiography of Lin Wen Zhong Gong has another way to call, that is Judge Lin. The leading character is Lin Ze-Xu. This book is based on functionary experience of Lin Ze-Xu, with the captivating plots of court case, helping by highly skilled military attach\uc3\ua9s and chivalrous knights, and the history facts of Opium War. It makes Lin Ze-Xu\ue2s Confucian temperament and tragic mood more, also contrasts with author\ue2s sorrow and furiousness for the politics at the time. History, court case, martial arts\ue2\ua6\ue2\ua6etc. are essence of this book and it broadens the way of this writing style.
The topic of the thesis is \ue2An Analysis of Judge Lin\ue2. The following thesis will be divided into six different chapters. The introduction is Chapter one of the thesis, which is including researching motive and purpose, literature review of predecessors, researching version by existing information, raising questions, choosing research methods and arranging chapters. In chapter Two, I discuss the study of characters of Lin Ze-Xu, also makes a deep analysis of author\u27s purpose of writing him. In chapter Three, I analyze supporting actors and actress. Meanwhile, I illustrate author\u27s purpose of writing supporting actress because the author had different manner to describe supporting actress. Moving to the Chapter Four, I mainly focus on the plots of Judge Lin, and organize cases of Lin Ze-Xu and his subordinates to understand features of cases. In Chapter Five, I represent the causes of Opium War. China and England had difference of opinions of opium. Therefore, it is easier to comprehend what the author\u27s purpose is. In the last chapter I summarize the main points of the preceding chapters and confirm particularity of Judge Lin
One new species and two new records of the genus Garudinia Moore, 1882 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from China
No full textZhao, Ting-Ting, Wu, Jun, Han, Hui-Lin (2023): One new species and two new records of the genus Garudinia Moore, 1882 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from China. Zootaxa 5256 (2): 188-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.
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