1,720,956 research outputs found
COULD THE PHENOMENON OF INNER SPEECH EXPLAIN VERBAL AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS? A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON NEURONAL CORRELATES AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
No full textThe «inner speech» experience refers typically to an internal silent dialogue.A wide number of studies showed that it influences several cognitive and behavioral functions, such as memory, thinking and reasoning and self-awareness (e.g. Uttl et al. 2011). Furthermore, clinical observations and many empirical studies found that it is related to Verbal Auditory Hallucinations (AVHs) (e.g. McCarthy-Jones, Fernyhough 2011). After having deepened the relationship between inner and open speech and their respective neural correlations, the paper examines the critical role of inner speech in the AVH phenomenon, with specific reference to the psychiatric condition of schizophrenia. AVHs are generally considered a typical symptom of people with psychosis, however hearing voices is something that can occur even in “normal” or healthy people (eg., Cardella, Gangemi 2019). Therefore, what is the real relationship between the two phenomena according to the most recent literature? To clarify this point, we examined both the studies that explored the brain areas activated during both phenomena and the empirical studies. However, since the relationship is not yet fully understood, further neuroimaging studies are needed, In particular, future studies should elucidate better the cognitive dynamics and neural mechanisms underlying this relationship
Guilt emotion and decision-making under uncertainty
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of moral emotions, such as guilt, on decisions under risk. In two experiments, we demonstrated that guilt emotion influences preferences for risky and riskless choices, depending on the subject's moral goal, i.e., reparation or expiation, whereas anger consistently elicits a preference for taking risks. Unlike other moral emotions (e.g., anger), guilt is thus not characterized by a fixed preference for either risky or riskless choices. Preferences vary as a function of the option that may satisfy the moral goal, instead of by a form of bias that the different emotions play toward decisions under risk. Finally, in both experiments, responses appear to be based on the framing of the decision problem according to the induced emotional state (guilt or anger), rather than on the descriptions of the outcomes as given in the options (gain-loss framing effect)
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND NEW NEUROSCIENCE APPROACHES TO OUR MIND
No full textOne of the first aims of neuroscience studies applied to the psychopathological field is to describe the cognitive processes underlying mental disorders. For years, thanks to the use of neuroimaging techniques, scholars have identified some neurobiological components responsible for the hypo/hyperactivation of brain areas and believed to be responsible for behavior (abnormal or altered in psychopathologies). However, this remains a reductive description of brain network activations and psychopathology. On the other hand, in recent years, neuroscience is increasingly abandoning a purely descriptive approach to mental illness, to focus on a clinical-therapeutic approach.The aim of this paper is therefore to clarify how and to what extent current developments in neuroscience contribute to the understanding of psychopathologies. To do this, we will briefly discuss the evolution that neuroscientific methods have undergone recently, since the entry of neuroscience into the panorama of cognitive sciences. In particular, we will see how the neuroscientific explanation of mental illness has loosened due to the difficulty of identifying the true explanatory value of the data collected through brain imaging techniques.We will then examine some of the possible contributions of neuroscience to psychopathology and then describe the specific case of autistic syndrome. Studies on this syndrome, indeed, are helping the epistemological paradigm within neuroscience to overcome the mind/body dualism. In conclusion, we argue that this «Replication crisis», as defined by Strack, does not necessarily imply the default of the neuroscientific perspective, but obliges a revision of the epistemological approach towards the so-called translational neuroscience, i.e. a perspective that integrates neuroimaging with the eco-social dimension in which the patient acts and constructs his representation of reality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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