1,722,068 research outputs found
Premotor theory of attention
No full textSpatial attention is the capacity to improve the processing of sensory information coming from a specific part of the space surrounding the observer. Classically, spatial attention was thought of as a dedicated supramodal control mechanism, anatomically distinct from the circuits underlying sensorimotor processing (see Posner and Dehaene, 1994). In the late eighties Rizzolatti et al. (1987) challenged this view. On the basis of some behavioral experiments (see below) they argued that there is no need to postulate two control mechanisms, one for action and one for attention. According to them spatial attention does not result from a dedicated control mechanism, but derives from a weaker activation of the same frontal-parietal circuits that, in other conditions, determine motor behavior toward specific spatial locations. This theory, known as the “premotor theory of attention”, has received in these last years a tremendous support from electrophysiological and brain imaging studies and has been extended from spatial attention to attention directed to objects (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 1998)
I filoni originali / I filons origjinâi Studi e ricerche sul Friuli promossi dal CIRF / Studis e ricercjis sul Friûl promovûts dal CIRF
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Una nota sul friulano di Fanna
No full textIl contributo presenta una riflessione sui caratteri del friulano di Fanna, località della pedemontana occidentale, dove è presente una varietà che bene esemplifica il tipo “friulano occidentale interno”, con elementi specifici dell’area concordiese (quali le dittongazioni discendenti delle medie), insieme a tratte conservativi panfriulani (come l’opposizione di vocali lunghe e brevi, il mantenimento delle occlusive palatali e altri).
Di particolare interesse per fenomeni tanto di innovatività, che di conservatività, è il paradigma verbale. Si ha, ad esempio, la perdita della -s nella desinenza della II pers. plu. – con riflessi, talora, anche sulla II pers. sing. –, rispetto al mantenimento della distinzione di desinenza alla I pers. plu., tra la I coniugazione e le altre tre – con la desinenza -àn per la I, rispetto a -ìn delle altre. Ipercaratterizzato si presenta, infine, il congiuntivo presente rispetto all’indicativo: segnate da un doppio morfema -n risultano forme come dzìnin ‘che noi andiamo’, vìnin ‘che noi veniamo’, sìnin ‘che noi siamo’
Mirrors in the brain : How our minds share actions and emotions
No full textPresents a fascinating account of one of the defining scientific discoveries of the past 50 years, from the man who made the breakthrough
Explains in a clear and accessible style how mirror neurons enable us to share experiences of emotions, movements, and feelings
Emotions and actions are powerfully contagious; when we see someone laugh, cry, show disgust, or experience pain, in some sense, we share that emotion. When we see someone in distress, we share that distress. When we see a great actor, musician or sportsperson perform at the peak of their abilities, it can feel like we are experiencing just something of what they are experiencing. Yet only recently, with the discover of mirror neurons, has it become clear just how this powerful sharing of experience is realised within the human brain. This book provides, for the first time, a systematic overview of mirror neurons, written by the man who first discovered them.
In the early 1990''s Giacomo Rizzolatti and his co-workers at the University of Parma discovered that some neurons had a surprising property. They responded not only when a subject performed a given action, but also when the subject oberved someone else performing that same action. These results had a deep impact on cognitive neuroscience, leading the neuroscientist VS Ramachandran to predict that ''mirror neurons would do for psychology what DNA did for biology''. The unexpected properties of these neurons have not only attracted the attention of neuroscientists. Many sociologists, anthropologists, and even artists have been fascinated by mirror neurons. The director and playwright Peter Brook stated that mirror neurons throw new light on the mysterious link that is created each time actors take the stage and face their audience - the sight of a great actor performing activates in the brain of the observer the very same areas that are active in the performer - including both their actions and their emotions
Spunti per la storia dell'emigrazione nella letteratura in friulano
No full textNella raccolta di villotte tardo-ottocentesche, piccoli gioielli di poesia spontanea, sono presenti gli echi inconsci di una realtà, quella dell’emigrazione, segnata dalla nostalgia e dalla idealizzazione del paese natale, presente nella successiva letteratura che comporta la frequentazione con mondi diversi e soprattutto il superamento di confini e non solo geografici. Some Thoughts on the History of Emigration in Friulian LiteratureIn a collection of late-19th century poems known as villotte, there are the unconscious echoes of emigration, a reality marked by nostalgia and the idealization of the homeland. This topic will recur persistently in the literature of the following century characterized by ongoing exchange with different worlds and the need to go beyond borders of all kinds
Object representation in the ventral premotor cortex (area F5) of the monkey
No full text Murata, Akira, Luciano Fadiga, Leonardo Fogassi, Vittorio Gallese, Vassilis Raos, and Giacomo Rizzolatti. Object representation in the ventral premotor cortex (area F5) of the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2226–2230, 1997. Visual and motor properties of single neurons of monkey ventral premotor cortex (area F5) were studied in a behavioral paradigm consisting of four conditions: object grasping in light, object grasping in dark, object fixation, and fixation of a spot of light. The employed objects were six different three-dimensional (3-D) geometric solids. Two main types of neurons were distinguished: motor neurons ( n = 25) and visuomotor neurons ( n = 24). Motor neurons discharged in association with grasping movements. Most of them ( n = 17) discharged selectively during a particular type of grip. Different objects, if grasped in similar way, determined similar neuronal motor responses. Visuomotor neurons also discharged during active movements, but, in addition, they fired also in response to the presentation of 3-D objects. The majority of visuomotor neurons ( n = 16) showed selectivity for one or few objects. The response was present both in object grasping in light and in object fixation conditions. Visuomotor neurons that selectively discharged to the presentation of a given object discharged also selectively during grasping of that object. In conclusion, object shape is coded in F5 even when a response to that object is not required. The possible visual or motor nature of this object coding is discussed. </jats:p
Voci dal Friuli: Giuseppe Mariuz, Giacomo Vit, e Nelvia Di Monte
No full textCentrale risulta il problema dell’utilizzo del friulano per i poeti neodialettali, per quanti ce l’hanno come lingua materna e di uso abituale, per quanti l’hanno adottato come lingua della poesia – come a suo tempo Pier Paolo Pasolini – o per quanti ancora, figli di emigranti, l’hanno riacquisito con il ritorno nella madrepatia. Tre di questi casi sono presentati in questo lavoro, con le figure di Giuseppe Mariuz, che si distingue per la forza delle immagini e per la partecipazione diretta e personale alla sofferenza di uomini e situazioni descritte nelle sue liriche, di Giacomo Vit, narratore e poeta del Friuli occidentale, di Nelvia Di Monte, che intraprende un viaggio nel ricordo e nell’emigrazione con i “Cjanz da la Meriche” ‘Canti dall’America’ (1996), avendo lei stessa abbandonato il Friuli, con la famiglia, nella prima infanzia
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