1,721,085 research outputs found
Religione e identità multiculturali nelle seconde generazioni di musulmani in Italia
No full textUna delle principali sfide che le seconde generazioni di immigrati devono affrontare e rappresentata dalla costruzione di un’identita sulla base di una doppia appartenenza culturale. Tale costruzione deriva, da una parte, dalla trasmissione culturale dei loro genitori e, dall’altra, dalla pretesa assimilativa esercitata dalla societa occidentale nei loro confronti. In aggiunta, nel caso delle seconde generazioni di immigrati cresciute in famiglie che confessano la fede islamica, la complessita nella costruzione identitaria puo essere esacerbata dalla presenza di una religione difficilmente conciliabile all’interno delle societa occidentali. Tra le sfide che questi giovani devono affrontare, emerge un’ulteriore complessita per le giovani musulmane, data dalla scelta di indossare il velo. Infatti, questa pratica viene spesso considerata dagli autoctoni come simbolo della subordinazione della donna alla volonta dell’uomo. L’obiettivo di questo studio e stato indagare, quindi, quale fosse il ruolo dell’Islam nella costruzione di un’identita religiosa attraverso un focus sulle principali differenze tra giovani uomini e donne musulmani. Metodo. In uno studio qualitativo, attraverso interviste semi-strutturate, e stato indagato il ruolo della religione islamica nella costruzione identitaria in un campione di 20 giovani marocchini di seconda generazione (F = 10; eta 18-27; M = 21; DS = 2.3). Le interviste sono state codificate attraverso il software Atlas.Ti. Risultati. I risultati hanno evidenziato una relazione tra il genere degli intervistati e il modo in cui viene vissuta la religione. Per i giovani musulmani l’identita religiosa viene considerata come un aspetto culturale ereditato. Per le giovani musulmane, invece, l’identita religiosa viene concepita come un sostegno per l’affermazione della loro identita multiculturale, principalmente attraverso la scelta libera di indossare il velo
The development of cycloguanil-based derivatives for the treatment of parasitic diseases
No full textParasitic diseases still represent a plague that provokes a major impact to public health, and overall social and economic well-being of affected countries, mainly of developing countries. Parasites belonging to Trypanosomatidae family are the etiological agents of human and animal vector-borne diseases, including human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmaniasis, which is caused by several Leishmania spp. Although treatment options for these infections exist, their use is limited by several factors, including toxicity, suboptimal efficacy, difficult route of administration, and cost. Moreover, the emergence of drug resistance threatens the positive therapy outcome. This scenario claims the need of addressing more adequate therapies. Targeting the enzymes of the folate metabolism has demonstrated to be a successful approach in the treatment of bacterial infections and malaria, and recently it has been proposed also for the development of novel antiparasitic treatments. Trypanosomatids are auxotrophic for folates and pterins that are crucial cofactors for biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. The inhibition of the key enzymes involved in the folate pathways, namely dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and pteridine reductase-1 (PTR1) should provide an effective treatment for these trypanosomatidic infections. The antimalarial drug cycloguanil (CYC), a known DHFR inhibitor, was shown to be also an inhibitor of TbPTR1. Considering the structural analysis of CYC binding modes to TbPTR1 and TbDHFR, the efforts of my PhD work have concerned the development of four novel series of antiprotozoan agents exploring the chemical space around the amino 1,6-dihydrotriazine core structure of CYC. Series 1 includes 2-aminotriazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives and their chemical precursors, the 2-guanidino benzimidazoles, while series 2 is characterised by the azaspiro-2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydrotriazine scaffold, decorated at C(6) of CYC with the benzyl-piperidine spirane moiety.
CYC-like 2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydrotriazines form series 3, whilst series 4 has explored the N-benzyl benzamide chain replacing the 4-Cl atom of CYC.
Each series of compounds has reached a different stage of research, so it is dealt with separately. In general, the compounds have been investigated for their on-target activity, human DHFR inhibition to ascertain their selectivity for the protozoan enzymes, cytotoxicity and antiparasitic effect. In the case of series 2, I have also performed docking studies to better understand the binding mode of these compounds to parasite and human enzymes of the folate pathway.
Overall, the SAR analysis derived from this study has allowed to obtain key insights for the future design of more promising antifolates for the treatment of protozoan diseases
Exploring the relationship between performance feedback and medical managers' budgetary performance:The role of managerial self-efficacy
No full textThis study addresses recent calls for more research on the potential intervening role exerted by certain individual variables in the relationship between performance feedback and performance. Specifically, this study selects medical managers' sense of managerial self-efficacy as a potential mediational variable in the feedback-performance relationship. A mediational model examining how the effect of performance feedback on medical managers' budgetary performance is influenced by their sense of managerial self-efficacy was established based on survey data from 60 medical managers working in a hospital. Data analysis was conducted using the partial least squares technique, and the results confirmed the hypothesised relationships. Specifically, performance feedback was positively associated with managerial self-efficacy, and managerial self-efficacy exerted a positive influence on medical managers' budgetary performance. Further, performance feedback was determined not to be directly associated with budgetary performance; however, a full mediating effect of managerial self-efficacy was found. These findings make several contributions to the literature and can help healthcare managers have a better understanding of the consequences and importance of the technical features of performance feedback reports
Fenomeni di specializzazione in sanità. I risultati di una ricerca empirica
No full textHealth-care specialization in Italy is driven by New Public Management reforms. Hospitals responded to reforms changes by specializing in services. This research aims to study the tendency toward specialization in Italian health-care organizations. Hospital specialization was measured using the internal Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The study sample consists of 739 Italian public and private health-care providers for the years 2001 and 2005. Descriptive statistics showed that specialization increased during the examined period but differences in the specialization index trends were found for hospital location and ownership type. Healthcare organizations located in Central and North regions of Italy are more specialized than the ones located in the South. Over the time the specialization index increased more in private than in public health-care organizations
Il ruolo di moderazione dell’identità professionale medica nella relazione tra partecipazione al processo di budget e performance dei medici responsabili di struttura
No full textQuesto lavoro, inserendosi nel filone di studi del behavioral management accounting, è volto ad indagare gli effetti di moderazione della variabile “identità professionale” medica nella relazione tra partecipazione al processo di budget e performance manageriale e di budget dei medici manager.
A tale scopo è stata condotta una ricerca in un’azienda sanitaria pubblica mediante la somministrazione di un questionario a tutti i medici responsabili di budget (n:68). Per la verifica delle ipotesi di ricerca è stato definito un sistema di equazioni strutturali. I risultati mostrano come la partecipazione al processo di budget abbia un impatto positivo e significativo sulle performance dei medici. Invece, il livello percepito di identificazione professionale medica modera negativamente il rapporto tra partecipazione e performance. L’effetto negativo dell’identificazione nella professione medica nel rapporto tra partecipazione e performance tende a ridursi a fronte di una diminuzione del livello percepito di identità professionale. I risultati del lavoro forniscono degli elementi di riflessione sul ruolo svolto delle variabili individuali nell’influenzare l’efficacia del sistema di budget
La struttura dei costi per livello di assistenza e per fattori produttivi nelle aziende sanitarie pubbliche
No full textHealthcare policies have been directed at
introducing additional significant budget
cuts and downsizing measures, which
strongly impact health care organizational
goals. In addition, restrictive government
policies aimed at reducing
health care expenditures have been
recently introduced and have increased
the challenges for managerial and professional
practices. Policy makers endorse
the importance of cost accounting tools in
order to improve an efficient cost management
of healthcare organizations.
This research is a first attempt to analyze
the structure of “LA schedule” which
detects healthcare costs in relation to the
different healthcare services provided by
NHS providers. The results of a descriptive
analysis show the composition of the
main cost aggregates while the results of
the cluster analysis show the composition
of costs aggregates in relation to the geographical
location of healthcare organizations
Endorsing populism to cope with ambiguity? The role of the need for closure, self-deception, and personal values in advocating populist attitudes
Full text linkThis study examined the relationships between the need for cognitive closure, self-deception, personal values,
and populism to shed light on the motivational dynamics underlying the adoption of populist attitudes. Drawing
on Jost's perspective on the role of ambiguity management needs and ideological conservatism in shaping political attitudes, this study also highlights the dynamics relating populist attitudes to the left-right political
continuum. A total of 785 Italian adults (F = 56.6 %; mean age = 35.8 years, SD = 14.1) anonymously participated in thes tudy by completing an online questionnaire. Path analysis revealed that self-deception drove populist attitudes; the need for cognitive closure was related to populist attitudes after individual value systems were aligned with ideological conservatism. The findings emphasized the greater importance of personal values over political values in driving political attitudes and suggested that a fusion of left- and right-wing populism may occur based on shared authoritarian predispositions. Practical implications for educational curricula were discussed
Feeling similar, being different: Immigrant youth, multicultural identities and coping with discrimination
Full text linkMost of the social psychology literature focuses on the difficulties that young people of migrant backgrounds (YMBs) living in Western countries have in negotiating multicultural identities and developing a sense of belonging to two cultures, emphasizing the negative consequences of feeling discriminated against. However, how YMBs who self-identify as multicultural reconcile their feelings of integration with identity denial and discrimination has been less explored.
The purpose of the present study was to examine, in a sample of YMBs living in Italy, how they reconcile their multicultural identities and perceptions of integration with feelings of rejection by segments of Italian society. Twenty-five young adults (mean age: 24.5; SD = 4.1; F = 13) from different ethnic backgrounds participated in semistructured interviews. The results highlighted the protective role of bicultural identification in the identity of YMBs, expressed in the tendency to avoid recognizing oneself in the image of the 'migrant' and instead to promote that of a multicultural individual who is not different from other fellow citizens. This goal was achieved at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels by adopting cognitive strategies of stigma avoidance such as PGDD and doublethink
Budget goal commitment, clinical managers’ use of budget information and performance
No full textDespite the importance placed on accounting as a means to influence performance in public healthcare, there is still a lot to be learned about the role of management accounting in clinical managers’ work behavior and their link with organizational performance. The article aims at analyzing the motivational role of budgetary participation and the intervening role of individuals’ mental states and behaviors in influencing the relationship between budgetary participation and performance.
According to the goal-setting theory, SEM technique was used to test the relationships among variables. The data were collected by a survey conducted in an Italian hospital.
The results show that: i) budgetary participation does not directly influence the use of budget information, but the latter is encouraged by the level of budget goal commitment which, as a result, is influenced by the positive motivational consequences of participative budgeting; ii) budget goal commitment does not directly influence performance, but the relationship is mediated by the use of budget information. This study contributes to health policy and management accounting literature and has significant policy implications. Mainly, the findings prove that the introduction of business-like techniques in the healthcare sector can improve performance if attitudinal and behavioral variables are adequately stimulated
Secondary traumatic stress and work ability in death care workers: The moderating role of vicarious posttraumatic growth
Full text linkDeath care work consists of dealing with traumatic events frequently, if not daily. This type of exposure is considered characteristic of the profession and can lead to significant negative consequences such as secondary traumatic stress. However, sometimes positive changes can occur as a result of experiencing trauma, which is referred to as vicarious posttraumatic growth. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) in the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS) and work ability (WA) in a sample of 231 death care workers in northern Italy. Regression analysis with interaction was performed using PROCESS. The results showed a negative association between STS and WA and a positive association between VPTG and WA. The interaction between STS and VPTG was also statistically significant. The moderating role of VPTG was partially confirmed by the analysis: at low and moderate VPTG levels, the conditional effect was negative and statistically significant, while at high VPTG, STS exposure had no significant and negative effect on WA, as if VPTG had some kind of protective role against STS. These results provide new insights into the role of VPTG in work environments with daily trauma exposure, such as death care
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