133,101 research outputs found
Shaoshia Wei, Ahmed & Rizvi, 2010, gen. n.
No full text<i>Shaoshia</i> gen. n. <p> Type species: <i>Shaoshia zhangi</i> <b>sp. n.</b></p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This new genus is distinguished from other known genera of Cicadatrini by its smaller body size, nearly rectangular pronotum (excluding lateral angels of pronotal collar) and completely hyaline wings with seven apical cells in the forewing and four apical cells in the hind wing.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Small (male body length approximately 13.5 mm). Head including eyes (Fig. 1 A) slightly narrower than base of mesonotum. Postclypeus (Fig. 1 B) moderately swollen, longitudinally sulcate medially; rostrum extending to apex of trochanter of mid leg. Pronotum (Fig. 1 A) (excluding lateral angels of pronotal collar) nearly rectangular; about as wide as head; approximately 1.5X as long as head; anterolateral margins not dentate; lateral angle of pronotal collar ampliated. Mesonotum (Fig. 1 A) slightly narrower than pronotal collar. Wings (Fig. 1 A) hyaline, not infuscated; forewing with seven apical cells, M and CuA separated at basal cell, but much closer than CuA to CuP+1A; hind wing usually with four apical cells. Fore femur (Fig. 1 E) with primary, secondary and two small subapical spines, nearly all erect. Abdomen (Fig. 1 A) longer than distance from head to cruciform elevation. Male opercula (Fig. 1 C) obliquely ellipsoidal, separated from each other, extending slightly beyond posterior margin of abdominal sternite II; lateral side longer than inner side; subapical portion enlarged toward body center. Timbal cover (Fig. 1 D) very short and small, with timbal mostly exposed in both dorsal and lateral views.</p> <p>Pygofer (Figs. 2 A–B, 3A–B) oval in ventral view; basal pygofer lobe undeveloped; distal shoulder of pygofer large, with margin nearly truncate in lateral view; dorsal beak long, extending distinctly beyond apex of distal shoulder. Uncus (Figs. 2 A–B, 3A–B) large, with median lobe small, triangular in ventral view; uncal lobes large, separated from each other by deep slit medially; each uncal lobe with somewhat long narrowing outcurved medial spine, lateral margin prominently convexly rounded. Aedeagus (Figs. 2 A–C, 3B–C) robust, curved ventrally, with several highly sclerotized short to long radiate processes apically and subapically.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Pakistan.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The generic name is an arbitrary combination of letters. The gender is feminine.</p>Published as part of <i>Wei, Cong, Ahmed, Zubair & Rizvi, Syed Anser, 2010, Shaoshia, an unusual new cicada genus from Pakistan with the description of a new species (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), pp. 28-34 in Zootaxa 2421</i> on page 29, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/194499">10.5281/zenodo.194499</a>
Entedonomphale postmarginalis Shafee, Rizvi & Khan 1988, comb. n.
No full textEntedonomphale postmarginalis (Shafee, Rizvi & Khan, 1988), comb. n. (Figs 5, 6) Euderomphale postmarginalis Shafee, Rizvi & Khan 1988: 2 (description, key [as E. Postmarginalis]), 3 (illustrations, figs D and E [as E. Postmarginalis]). Type locality: Bullandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India. Entedonastichus postmarginalis (Shafee, Rizvi & Khan): Hayat et al. 2005: 10 (type information). Type material examined. Holotype female [ZDAMU] dissected on two slides, as follows. Slide 1 (head, one antenna, mesosoma and most of metasoma, and legs (with some segments missing) [under two coverslips]), labeled: 1. “Ref. No. 723 sp. n.”, 2. “ HOLOTYPE Euderomphale postmarginalis Shafee, Rizvi & Khan det. M. Hayat, 2003 ”; Slide 2 (one antenna, one forewing, and the ovipositor [under the same coverslip]), labeled: 1. “ 723 [in pencil] Ref. No 723 sp. n.”, 2. “ HOLOTYPE parts Euderomphale postmarginalis Shafee, Rizvi & Khan det. M. Hayat, 2003 ”. Diagnosis. Body and appendages mostly dark brown. Toruli slightly below lover ocular line. Antenna (Fig. 5) with scape (not counting a small radicle) 4.1 x as long as wide, a little dilated basally and medially. Pedicel longer than funicle; F 1 a little smaller than F 2, 1.1-1.5 x as wide as long, apparently without longitudinal sensilla; F 2 1.6 x as wide as long, at least with 1 longitudinal sensillum; clava entire, 1.6-1.7 x as long as wide. Mesosoma shorter than metasoma. Midlobe of mesoscutum with 1 pair of setae; anterior margin of scutellum slightly angulate. Forewing (Fig. 6) about 3.1 x as long as wide, with disc almost hyaline (with a slight brownish tinge throughout, perhaps a little more pronounced behind marginal and stigmal veins) and setose behind marginal and stigmal veins and beyond venation (more sparsely so behind base of marginal vein, and bare posterior of cubital row of setae); stigmal vein about as long as postmarginal vein; the longest marginal seta about 1 / 2 of maximal forewing width. Petiole longer than wide. Entedonomphale postmarginalis is undoubtedly a good species. In Triapitsyn (2005), E. postmarginalis would key to the couplets together with the species that have a hyaline forewing (i.e., E. boccaccioi S. Triapitsyn from the USA, E. bicolorata (Ishii) from Japan, Germany, and Ukraine, and E. esenini S. Triapitsyn from Madagascar). Entedonomphale postmarginalis differs from all of them by the female antenna, both funicle segments of which are wider than long (Fig. 5). Comments. This species was described (and is still known) from a single female holotype “ex aleyrodid on Citrus sp.” (Shafee et al. 1988). The host record seems doubtful and thus needs verification.Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Boyadzhiev, Peter S. & Antonov, Anton K., 2008, Taxonomic notes on Entedonomphale (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), pp. 61-64 in Zootaxa 1816 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27436
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
World Yearbook of Education 2008: Geographies of Knowledge, Geometries of Power: Framing the Future of Higher Education
No full textThis volume examines higher education in globalized conditions through a focus on the spatial, historic and economic relations of power in which it is embedded. Distinct geometries of power are emerging as the knowledge production capability of universities is increasingly globalized. Changes in the organization and practices of higher education tend to travel from the ‘West to the rest’. Thus, distinctive geographies of knowledge are being produced, intersected by geometries of power and raising questions about the recognition, production, control and usage of university-produced knowledge in different regions of the world. What flows of power and influence can be traced in the shifting geographies of higher education? How do national systems locate themselves in global arenas, and what consequences does such positioning have for local practices and relations of higher education? How do universities and university workers respond to the increasing commodification of knowledge? How do consumers of knowledge assess the quality of the ‘goods’ on offer in a global marketplace? The 2008 volume of the World yearbook addresses these questions, highlighting four key areas: Producing and Reproducing the University— How is the university adapting to the pressures of globalization? Supplying Knowledge—What structural and cultural changes are demanded from the university in its new role as a free market supplier of knowledge? Demanding Knowledge—Marketing and Consumption—How can consumers best assess the quality of education on a global scale? Transnational Academic Flows—What trends are evident in the flow of students, knowledge and capital, with what consequences? The 2008 volume is interdisciplinary in its approach, drawing on scholarship from accounting, finance and human geography as well as from the field of educ Producing and Reproducing the University— How is the university adapting to the pressures of globalization? Supplying Knowledge—What structural and cultural changes are demanded from the university in its new role as a free market supplier of knowledge? Demanding Knowledge—Marketing and Consumption—How can consumers best assess the quality of education on a global scale? Transnational Academic Flows—What trends are evident in the flow of students, knowledge and capital, with what consequences? The 2008 volume is interdisciplinary in its approach, drawing on scholarship from accounting, finance and human geography as well as from the field of educ
Ready, Steady, Go: Playing and Rapidly Designing with IoTgo
No full textSmart things are everywhere: smart watches, smart jewellery, smart art installations. All have in common the capability of sensing with input devices (eg, buttons), computing, reacting with output devices (eg, light matrices), and connecting with other smart things. Engaging their end users in their design can be challenging and yet give end users unique empowering opportunities. Toolkits are fundamental for engaging end users and enabling them to design. This paper presents the IoTgo phygital toolkit for smart-thing design with end users who are not experts, eg, artists and school learners, which results from co-design actions and interventions in the field
Shaoshia zhangi Wei, Ahmed & Rizvi, 2010, sp. n.
No full textShaoshia zhangi sp. n. Description. Measurements (6 males; mean (range)). Body length: 13.5 (12.0–14.0) mm; head width (including eyes): 3.5 (3.0– 3.9) mm; pronotum width (including pronotal collar): 4.4 (4.1–4.7) mm; mesonotum width: 4.1 (3.9–4.3) mm; wing span: 30.5 (29.0–32.0) mm. Head (Fig. 1 B, D). Generally black with large ochreous spot on posterior margin near corresponding eye and ochreous longitudinal strip overlapping epicranial suture. Postclypeus with longitudinal central fasciae fuscous; series of 8–9 transverse fasciae ochreous to black, with apical ones much darker, nearly black. Anteclypeus blackish fuscous. Gena dark ochreous, with dense, long silvery hairs. Eye and antenna blackish fuscous. Ocellus reddish yellow. Rostrum fuscous. Distance between lateral ocellus and corresponding eye about as wide as distance between lateral ocelli. Thorax (Fig. 1 C–D). Pronotum generally ochreous; longitudinally marked on either side of midline; pair of central fasciae blackish fuscous, broadened at both anterior and posterior ends, connected near posterior margin; pronotal collar with narrow blackish fuscous fascia along anterolateral margins and transverse blackish fuscous fascia near sub-posterior margin, respectively; pair of large spots laterad central fasciae adjacent to posterior margin of pronotum whitish yellow. Mesonotum with ground color ochreous, with pair of blackish fuscous submedian sigillae and lateral sigillae, respectively; submedian sigillae very close to each other, separated by very narrow, obscure ochreous longitudinal strip; large central blackish fuscous patch in front of cruciform elevation connecting posterior ends of submedian sigillae and lateral sigillae; pair of spots in front of anterior angles of cruciform elevation whitish; cruciform elevation blackish fuscous with central part ochreous, with dense silvery short hairs around. Ventral part of thorax light ochreous. Legs (Fig. 1 C). Mostly light ochreous. Femur, tibia and tarsus of foreleg tinted with dark fuscous to black, spines of fore femur dark fuscous. Basal and apical parts on dorsal surface of femur, tarsus and claw of mid leg dark fuscous. Spines of hind tibia and tarsus dark fuscous. Wings (Fig. 1 A). Hyaline, without infuscation. Veins fuscous, with costal margin of forewing dark fuscous. Opercula (Fig. 1 C). Light ochreous, without infuscation; surface flat to very weakly convex. Timbal with seven ribs. Abdomen (Fig. 1 A). Slightly longer than distance from head to hind margin of cruciform elevation. Generally light ochreous, with dark fuscous on anterior and lateral margins of tergite II and dorsal surface of pygofer. Male genitalia (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 A–C). Basal pygofer lobe undeveloped; distal shoulder with distal margin nearly truncate in lateral view. Medial lobe of uncus recurved next to anal tube in lateral view; uncal lobe with dense, long grey hairs. Aedeagus (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 B–C) curved ventrally from slit of medial uncal lobes; six short to long processes apically and subapically, with the basal one on left side longest, medial apical process with dorsal margin serrate; aedeagal shaft with some small tubercles adjacent to longest aedeagal process. Female. Unknown. Variation. Among the eight known specimens, six specimens have four apical cells on the hind wings, whereas one specimen has five apical cells on only the right hind wing and another specimen has just three apical cells on both hind wings (Fig. 1 A). Host Plant. The specimens of this species were all collected from Peganum harmala L. (Fam. Zygophyllaceae), so-called “Hermal plant” in the local language of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Etymology. The species is dedicated to Prof. Zhang Yalin, an entomologist of the Northwest A&F University, China. Type material. Holotype: 3 (NHMUK), Pakistan: N.W.F.P., Dera Ismail Khan, Pahar Pur, Sheikh Badin National Park, approximately 1220 m, on “Hermal plant”, 17 -VI- 2007, coll. Iqbal Sher. Paratypes: 6 3 3 (NHMUK), same data as for holotype; 1 3 (NWAFU), same data as for holotype.Published as part of Wei, Cong, Ahmed, Zubair & Rizvi, Syed Anser, 2010, Shaoshia, an unusual new cicada genus from Pakistan with the description of a new species (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), pp. 28-34 in Zootaxa 2421 on pages 29-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19449
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