1,720,975 research outputs found
Vaginal birth and pelvic floor dysfunction revisited: Can cesarean delivery be protective?
No full textIn the footsteps of Bonney and Nichols: hysterectomy during surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse
No full textBased on the available urogynecological literature, the role of hysterectomy in the surgical strategy of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair remains controversial. Currently, there are no data to favor either the removal or preservation of the uterus in women with POP. The findings that hysterectomy may contribute to a higher success rate and to the development of urinary incontinence and/or female sexual dysfunction are not supported by evidence. It is not clear why both hysteropexy was sometimes performed in the presence of overt uterine prolapse and/or concomitant vaginal hysterectomy was often included in vaginal prolapse repair in the absence of uterine prolapse. In our opinion, it makes both anatomical and clinical sense to remove the uterus only (and always) when the uterus is one of the pelvic organs directly involved in the prolapse, but to preserve and suspend the uterus otherwise
Episiotomy in modern clinical practice: friend or foe?
No full textThe Cochrane library first published a meta-analysis in 2000 on the role of the episiotomy in modern clinical practice, which concluded that only a policy of selective episiotomy is acceptable with evidence-based improvement in maternal health compared with routine episiotomy. Many years later, however, the new version of the Cochrane meta-analysis changed the previous recommendations in that the selective use of episiotomy could not be considered beneficial in all cases. A selective policy is associated with a statistically significant reduction in severe perineal and/or vaginal trauma, whereas routine episiotomy seems to protect against these complications only after instrumental deliveries. Both in the short and the long term, selective medio-lateral episiotomy has no additional beneficial effects without clear evidence of causing harm to the mother or baby.The Cochrane library first published a meta-analysis in 2000 on the role of the episiotomy in modern clinical practice, which concluded that only a policy of selective episiotomy is acceptable with evidence-based improvement in maternal health compared with routine episiotomy. Many years later, however, the new version of the Cochrane meta-analysis changed the previous recommendations in that the selective use of episiotomy could not be considered beneficial in all cases. A selective policy is associated with a statistically significant reduction in severe perineal and/or vaginal trauma, whereas routine episiotomy seems to protect against these complications only after instrumental deliveries. Both in the short and the long term, selective medio-lateral episiotomy has no additional beneficial effects without clear evidence of causing harm to the mother or baby
Induction of bacterial cystitis in female rabbits by uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the differences between the bladder dome and trigone
No full textThis study is designed to evaluate the histological effects of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection in the urinary bladder of female rabbits and compare the differences between the dome and trigone. Bacterial cystitis was induced in 13 female rabbits by transurethral inoculation of UPEC into the urinary bladder. Eight animals served as controls. Urine samples were collected by catheterization and cultured for bacterial growth after 12 and 24 hours then every 48 hours. Infection was defined as >=(1X10(5)) colony-forming unit/ml of UPEC in the first two urine samples. Bladder dome and trigonal specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy eight days after infection. There was a sustained increase in bacterial count, with urethral bleeding and rabbit weakness suggesting bladder colonization in the 10/13 study group (77%). Infection was not demonstrated in two animals and was spontaneously cleared in the third after 48 hours. No control animals developed an infection. In infected rabbits (n = 10), the dome showed inflammatory changes including the epithelial loss or thinning, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congested blood vessels compared to controls. The trigone showed a more pronounced inflammatory response than the dome. The presence of urinary bacterial growth, infection manifestations, and inflammatory changes that were more severe in the trigone than in the dome indicate successful bacterial inoculation and induction of cystitis. This animal model can be used for clinical trials on female cystitis. Our histological findings support a possible role of trigone in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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