1,720,975 research outputs found
Sustained attention and inhibitory control: age and sex related difference in children and adolescents using a CPT with distracting events
No full textIntroduction The study investigates age and sex-related differences in sustained attention and inhibitory control in a sample of children and adolescents using a continuous performance test with distractor events. In addition, the impact of distractors on sustained attention and inhibitory control is explored.Methods The study included 479 individuals aged 6-17 years and analyzed four indices, namely omission, timing, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.Results Results revealed that both sustained attention and hyperactivity show age-related changes into adolescence, whereas impulsivity shows age-related changes only in the 6-12 age range, with no differences observed from 13 to 17. Sex differences emerged in inhibitory control: impulsivity remained consistently lower in females than in males across the entire 6-17 age range. In contrast, sex differences in hyperactivity were no longer evident by age 17. Overall, combined distractors have the greatest negative impact on performance, followed by visual and auditory distractors. However, in adolescents, lower distractors impact emerged, together with a positive impact of the auditory ones.Discussion These findings provide helpful insight on sustained attention an inhibitory control development, showing different trajectories for impulsivity and hyperactivity. In addition, insight on the role of distractors in determining the performances emerged
Executive function following pediatric stroke. A systematic review
No full textObjective: Pediatric strokes are rare events that can lead to neuropsychological impairment or disability. While motor deficits are relatively easy to identify and investigate, cognitive outcomes after stroke are more complex to define. Many studies have focused on global cognitive outcomes, while only a few recent studies have focused on specific cognitive processes. The aims of the present review were to provide an overview of the effects of pediatric strokes on executive function and to investigate the relations between executive functioning and clinical factors. Method: Studies concerning executive functioning after pediatric stroke were identified using PsycInfo, PsycArticles and PubMed. A total of 142 studies were identified, and 22 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The review of the 22 studies included clearly indicates that childhood and perinatal strokes can affect executive function, and in particular inhibition. In contrast, the results concerning clinical factors related to EF outcomes are inconsistent. Discussion: Our results highlight the importance to assess EF following pediatric stroke. Early identification of difficulties in EF is crucial to provide adequate training to the children and to prevent the development of other correlated difficulties, such as behavioral problems or learning difficulties. Methodological issues regarding the heterogeneity of samples and measurement difficulties limit the conclusions that can be made about the clinical predictors of the outcomes. Studies are needed to better understand this aspect and to develop adequate EF interventions for children following stroke
L'apprendimento dell'area del trapezio in bambini di quarta primaria: quali sono i predittori?
No full textDifficulties of Young Adults With Dyslexia in Reading and Writing Numbers
No full textLetters and numbers are different domains, and their differentiation increases with schooling. It has nonetheless been argued that reading alphabetic and numerical materials partly involves the same processes, even in adults. Whether individuals with dyslexia have difficulty reading and writing numbers remains to be established. This study examined this issue in a group of 30 young adults with a diagnosis of dyslexia, without any concurrent specific difficulty in processing quantities compared with a typically developing group matched for gender, age, university attended and course of studies, and approximate calculation ability. The results showed that adults with dyslexia also have severe difficulty in reading and writing numbers. It emerged that their number reading speed correlated moderately with word reading speed. We concluded that dyslexia is specifically related with difficulties in reading and writing not only alphabetic material, but also numerical material. Our findings suggest that these abilities should be considered more carefully when assessing and supporting individuals with dyslexia
Il Mondo Degli Elli. Un viaggio nelle Funzioni Esecutive per capirle, provarle e accrescerle
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Lettura e scrittura di parole e numeri negli studenti universitari con DSA a confronto con lo sviluppo tipico
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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