171,572 research outputs found
[Emilia Rius de Castañer]
No full textEstablecimiento fotográfico: FILL'S Estudio (Escolta 105, Manila)Retrato de estudio de la actriz Emilia Rius de Castañer caracterizada como Electra. Imagen de cuerpo entero sobre fondo neutro. La retratada aparece junto a una muñeca.En anverso: "Emilia Rius de Castañer [rúb.]". En reverso: "Estante 1 fila 4 n 6" / "Electra/Acto II.Escena IV/Electra (Emilia Rius de Castañer) /Teatro" / "I-C-77".Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2020Fuente de ingreso: Adquisición. José Betancort Goyenechea, Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Fecha de ingreso: 25 del 05 de 1959Procedencia: María Pérez-Galdós Cobiá
The general equation of δ direct methods and the novel SMAR algorithm residuals using the absolute value of ρ and the zero conversion of negative ripples
No full text"This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Carles Miravitlles".The general equation δM(r) = ρ(r) + g(r) of the δ direct methods (δ-GEQ) is established which, when expressed in the form δM(r) - ρ(r) = g(r), is used in the SMAR phasing algorithm [Rius (2020). Acta Cryst A76, 489-493]. It is shown that SMAR is based on the alternating minimization of the two residuals Rρ(χ) = ∫V [ρ(χ) - ρ(Φ)sρ]2 dV and Rδ(Φ) = ∫V mρ[δM(χ) - ρ(Φ)sρ]2 dV in each iteration of the algorithm by maximizing the respective Sρ(Φ) and Sδ(Φ) sum functions. While Rρ(χ) converges to zero, Rδ(Φ) converges, as predicted by the theory, to a positive quantity. These two independent residuals combine δM and ρ each with |ρ| while keeping the same unknowns, leading to overdetermination for diffraction data extending to atomic resolution. At the beginning of a SMAR phase refinement, the zero part of the mρ mask [resulting from the zero conversion of the slightly negative ρ(Φ) values] occupies ∼50% of the unit-cell volume and increases by ∼5% when convergence is reached. The effects on the residuals of the two SMAR phase refinement modes, i.e. only using density functions (slow mode) supplemented by atomic constraints (fast mode), are discussed in detail. Due to its architecture, the SMAR algorithm is particularly well suited for Deep Learning. Another way of using δ-GEQ is by solving it in the form ρ(r) = δM(r) - g(r), which provides a simple new derivation of the already known δM tangent formula, the core of the δ recycling phasing algorithm [Rius (2012). Acta Cryst. A68, 399-400]. The nomenclature used here is: (i) Φ is the set of φ structure factor phases of ρ to be refined; (ii) δM(χ) = FT-1{c(|E| - 〈|E|〉)×exp(iα)} with χ = {α}, the set of phases of |ρ| and c = scaling constant; (iii) mρ = mask, being either 0 or 1; sρ is 1 or -1 depending on whether ρ(Φ) is positive or negative.The following funding is acknowledged: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant Nos. PID2021-124734OB-C22 and CEX2023-001263-S). The author acknowledges the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2023-001263-S).Peer reviewe
Tracking Invasion Histories in the Sea: Facing Complex Scenarios Using Multilocus Data
No full textIn recent years, new analytical tools have allowed researchers to extract historical information contained in molecular data, which has fundamentally transformed our understanding of processes ruling biological invasions. However, the use of these new analytical tools has been largely restricted to studies of terrestrial organisms despite the growing recognition that the sea contains ecosystems that are amongst the most heavily affected by biological invasions, and that marine invasion histories are often remarkably complex. Here, we studied the routes of invasion and colonisation histories of an invasive marine invertebrate Microcosmus squamiger (Ascidiacea) using microsatellite loci, mitochondrial DNA sequence data and 11 worldwide populations. Discriminant analysis of principal components, clustering methods and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods showed that the most likely source of the introduced populations was a single admixture event that involved populations from two genetically differentiated ancestral regions - the western and eastern coasts of Australia. The ABC analyses revealed that colonisation of the introduced range of M. squamiger consisted of a series of non-independent introductions along the coastlines of Africa, North America and Europe. Furthermore, we inferred that the sequence of colonisation across continents was in line with historical taxonomic records - first the Mediterranean Sea and South Africa from an unsampled ancestral population, followed by sequential introductions in California and, more recently, the NE Atlantic Ocean. We revealed the most likely invasion history for world populations of M. squamiger, which is broadly characterized by the presence of multiple ancestral sources and non-independent introductions within the introduced range. The results presented here illustrate the complexity of marine invasion routes and identify a cause-effect relationship between human-mediated transport and the success of widespread marine non-indigenous species, which benefit from stepping-stone invasions and admixture processes involving different sources for the spread and expansion of their range
Nanographene patterns from focused ion beam-induced deposition structural characterization of graphene materials by XPS and raman scattering
No full textThe integration of carbon nanomaterials, having peculiar determined specifications and properties, presents fabrication and control challenges. The current attention on graphene research evidences the necessity to completely integrate gra phene in the standard semiconductor planar technologies as the route for future graphene-based nano-electronics. The chapter will introduce our work in Rius et al. (2012) as an approach inspired on the planar technology point of view and strategies. Merging the carbon nanomaterial preparation and lithography in a single processing step by means of focused ion beam induced deposition of carbon (FIBID-C), our route is a new concept of a robust and flex ible nanofabrication methodology for graphene. The strong points of this approach are (i) the uniqueness of the approach, toward transfer-free graphene-like patterns on insulators and (ii) a convenient platform for studying growth process of solid precursor-derived graphene-like materials. The nanographene products will be deeply investigated and characterized by means of two fundamental structural nondestructive techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, using multi wavelength sources. The chapter will include a complete set of reference spectra of graphene, with their accurate discussion, high lighting the correlation of these two different, but comple mentary, analysis techniques (Yang et al. 2009)
Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates
No full textAll ontogenetic stages of a life cycle are exposed to environmental conditions so that population persistence depends on the performance of both adults and offspring. Most studies analysing the influence of abiotic conditions on species performance have focussed on adults, while studies covering early life-history stages remain rare. We investigated the responses of early stages of two widely introduced ascidians, Styela plicata and Microcosmus squamiger, to different abiotic conditions. Stressors mimicked conditions in the habitats where both species can be found in their distributional ranges and responses were related to the selection potential of their populations by analysing their genetic diversity. Four developmental stages (egg fertilisation, larval development, settlement, metamorphosis) were studied after exposure to high temperature (30°C), low salinities (26 and 22 ) and high copper concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/L). Although most stressors effectively led to failure of complete development (fertilisation through metamorphosis), fertilisation and larval development were the most sensitive stages. All the studied stressors affected the development of both species, though responses differed with stage and stressor. S. plicata was overall more resistant to copper, and some stages of M. squamiger to low salinities. No relationship was found between parental genetic composition and responses to stressors. We conclude that successful development can be prevented at several life-history stages, and therefore, it is essential to consider multiple stages when assessing species' abilities to tolerate stress. Moreover, we found that early development of these species cannot be completed under conditions prevailing where adults live. These populations must therefore recruit from elsewhere or reproduce during temporal windows of more benign conditions. Alternatively, novel strategies or behaviours that increase overall reproductive success might be responsible for ensuring population survival
Pyura dalbyi Rius & Teske, 2011, n. sp.
No full textPyura dalbyi n. sp. Figs. 5–8 Material examined. Specimens were found subtidally under a jetty in Albany harbour, Western Australia (Table 1). Holotype: SAM-A 25988, Paratype: SAM-A 25989. Description. Individuals are squat with an extended base (Fig. 5 A). Their maximum dorsal length ranges from 35 to 95 mm, their height (measured from the base to the top of the siphonal area) from 35 to 60 mm, and their width (measured in contracted individuals) from 25 to 50 mm. The tunic is smooth (no pointed papillae on the tunic) (Figs. 5 A, B, C), with few epibionts, and not as thick and tough as that of the African representatives of the P. s t o l o n i f e r a species complex. The individuals examined were attached to one another, forming a dense aggregate. Siphonal spines are long and pointed, and their bases are slightly expanded (Figs. 6 A, B). The inner half of the siphonal lining is iridescent when observed under a dissecting microscope (Fig. 6 C). The animal has a fleshy body wall that is light orange in colour. The body size ranges in maximum length from 30 to 85 mm and in width from 20 to 45 mm. There are circular muscular bands around the siphons and the anterior longitudinal bands are present across the body wall and do not cross over each other. There are 17 to 32 ramified oral tentacles of different sizes (alternating between large and small, with more tentacles in larger individuals than in smaller ones) (Figs. 6 D, E), and the ramification complexity is of the third order branches. There are no atrial tentacles at the entrance of the exhalant siphon. The branchial stigmata are straight (Fig. 7 A) and between nine and 11 are present per mesh (i.e. between longitudinal vessels in the space between folds). There are six complete branchial folds (Fig. 7 B), with around 20 vessels per fold. The branchial formula of two individuals is: R.E. 5 (14) 4 (19) 3 (20) 3 (22) 3 (22) 3 (22) 6 D.L. 7 (22) 4 (25) 3 (25) 3 (22) 3 (20) 3 (16) 8 E.L., and R.E. 11 (20) 3 (25) 4 (26) 4 (27) 4 (30) 4 (37) 7 D.L. 9 (29) 3 (31) 3 (30) 3 (28) 4 (22) 4 (19) 10 E.L. The large sponge-like dorsal tubercle is not arranged as a double spiral cone as in P. praeputialis and P. s to l on if er a, but instead is largely spherical with two distinct bulges (Figs. 7 C, D). We found a less complex and convoluted dorsal tubercle in smaller individuals than in larger ones (Figs. 7 C, D). The dorsal lamina, which is always present, is short and contains small languets (Figs. 7 E, F). The gonads are attached to the body wall and form two rows of lobes on the right side of the body (Figs. 8 A, C). The left gonad is inside the gut loop and also forms two rows of lobes (Figs. 8 B, C). The gonoduct on the right side of the body is short (extending 3 mm away from the first gonadic block) and is located just below the gonad, whereas the one on the left side of the body is long (opening approximately 10 mm away from the first gonadic block), and it crosses below the gut and opens next to the anus (Fig. 8 D). The gut forms a sharply curved loop on the left side of the body, followed by a secondary loop that is not as sharply curved (Figs. 8 B, C). The hepatic gland is large and branched (Figs. 8 B, C) and contains 3 or 4 hepatic lobes. Endocarps are absent both around and on top of the gonads and the gut. The anal border has 6 to 10 irregular, rounded lobes (Figs. 8 D, E). Distribution. This species has been found in several localities in Victoria, on the southeast coast of Australia (Dalby 1997 a). It has also been found in Albany, Western Australia (this study). Unlike its South African and Australasian sister taxa, whose distributions extend from the subtidal to the lower intertidal, P. dalbyi has been found almost exclusively subtidally (Dalby 1997 a). Etymology. The species is named Pyura dalbyi after Dr. J. E. Dalby Jr. who reported distributional, morphometric and ecological differences between this species and P. praeputialis. Remarks. The yellow and sand-free tunic easily differentiates specimens of P. d a l b y i from the other species of the P. s t o l o n i f e r a species complex. Internally, the shape of the dorsal tubercle is one of the most conspicuous characteristics, as it is quite irregular when compared to the cone-like dorsal tubercle found in P. praeputialis and P. stolonifera. This is especially evident in smaller individuals of P. dalbyi. While the sponge-like shape of the dorsal tubercle in P. herdmani can be quite similar to that of P. d a l b y i, it lacks the two distinct bulges of the latter. The double row of gonadic blocks on the left side of the body inside the gut is a unique character of this species. All African species and P. praeputialis have just one row of gonadic blocks surrounded by the gut. The long siphonal spines of P. dalbyi are also unique, because in the other species the spines are shorter or less pointy. Pyura dalbyi lacks endocarps on top of the gonads and gut, which is uncommon in this group. None of the descriptions of Pyura species included in the extensive monograph of Australian ascidians by Kott (1985) corresponds to P. d al b yi. The presence of a picture of a large aggregate of P. dalbyi identified as P. stolonifera (see Plate VIIIa, page 420) indicates that both species were included under the same name.Published as part of Rius, Marc & Teske, Peter R., 2011, A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia, pp. 27-40 in Zootaxa 2754 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20717
Galetes i Xocolates Solsona i Rius, al c. Àvila 34
No full textElement 82Romano Rius, MarianoPrimer pla de la fàbrica formada per planta baixa i pis i amb coberta plana. Destaca la decoració en maó vist del coronament de les pilastres, de la cornisa
així com els relleus amb motius vegetals de la part central de la façana
Costitucions fetes p[er] la sacra caesarea catholica y real magestat del emperador don Carles y per la molt alta y excellentissima senyora dona Johanna mare sua reys de Castella y de Arago y d[e] les dos Sicilies, [et]c., en la terçera cort de Cathalunya enla sglesya de sancta Maria dela villa d[e] Monço en lany MDxxxiiij [Enquadernació]
No full textDoble filet daurat als marges. Llom amb nervis daurats. Ferros i fils als entrenervis. Títol daurat. Talls, cantells i contracantells daurats. Signat: Miquel-Rius, 191
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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