1,722,193 research outputs found
Linearity of power AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs
No full textThesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).by Ritwik Chatterjee.M.S
Exploring Language Mechanisms: The Mass-Count Distinction and The Potts Neural Network
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore language mechanisms in two aspects. First, the statistical properties of syntax and semantics, and second, the neural mechanisms which could be of possible use in trying to understand how the brain learns those particular statistical properties. In the first part of the thesis (part A) we focus our attention on a detailed statistical study of the syntax and semantics of the mass-count distinction in nouns. We collected a database of how 1,434 nouns are used with respect to the mass-count distinction in six languages; additional informants characterised the semantics of the underlying concepts. Results indicate only weak correlations between semantics and syntactic usage. The classification rather than being bimodal, is a graded distribution and it is similar across languages, but syntactic classes do not map onto each other, nor do they reflect, beyond weak correlations, semantic attributes of the concepts. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that much of the mass/count syntax emerges from language- and even speaker-specific grammaticalisation. Further, in chapter 3 we test the ability of a simple neural network to learn the syntactic and semantic relations of nouns, in the hope that it may throw some light on the challenges in modelling the acquisition of the mass-count syntax. It is shown that even though a simple self-organising neural network is insufficient to learn a mapping implementing a syntactic- semantic link, it does however show that the network was able to extract the concept of 'count', and to some extent that of ‘mass’ as well, without any explicit definition, from both the syntactic and from the semantic data.
The second part of the thesis (part B) is dedicated to studying the properties of the Potts neural network. The Potts neural network with its adaptive dynamics represents a simplified model of cortical mechanisms. Among other cognitive phenomena, it intends to model language production by utilising the latching behaviour seen in the network. We expect that a model of language processing should robustly handle various syntactic- semantic correlations amongst the words of a language. With this aim, we test the effect on storage capacity of the Potts network when the memories stored in it share non trivial correlations. Increase in interference between stored memories due to correlations is studied along with modifications in learning rules to reduce the interference. We find that when strongly correlated memories are incorporated in the storage capacity definition, the network is able to regain its storage capacity for low sparsity. Strong correlations also affect the latching behaviour of the Potts network with the network unable to latch from one memory to another. However latching is shown to be restored by modifying the learning rule. Lastly, we look at another feature of the Potts neural network, the indication that it may exhibit spin-glass characteristics. The network is consistently shown to exhibit multiple stable degenerate energy states other than that of pure memories. This is tested for different degrees of correlations in patterns, low and high connectivity, and different levels of global and local noise. We state some of the implications that the spin-glass nature of the Potts neural network may have on language processing
Partition and the Betrayal of India’s Independence: An Analysis of Ritwik Ghatak’s Cinema
No full textLa Partición convirtió el sueño de emancipación de India en una pesadilla de violencia religiosa. Ritwik Ghatak, uno de los mejores cineastas indios, hizo de su obra una crónica de aquella tragedia. La Independencia no supuso ya la división del subcontinente en dos países, sino también un trasvase de población sin precedentes, con las consecuencias de personas sin hogar, desempleo, segregación y miseria. Por otra parte, el descenso social de la clase media iniciado con el proceso de independencia se vio agravado por las políticas antipopulares d el gobierno indio. Este artículo estudia el trauma de la Partición en la obra de Ritwik Ghatak.At Partition the dream of India’s independence from British colonial rule transformed itself into the horrific nightmare of communal violence. Ritwik Ghatak, one of the most important film makers of India, served the crucial function of chronicling this mass tragedy. The independence of India resulted not only in the partition of the subcontinent but in the mass migration of people. This inevitably led people to homelessness, unemployment, segregation and abject impoverishment. However, the reduction of the middle class into the lower class was not because of partition alone but also a result of the anti-people model that the Indian government adopted post-independence. This chapter will look at the ongoing trauma of Partition and the way the people experienced it by analysing Ritwik Ghatak’s films
Partition and the Betrayal of India's Independence: an analysis of Ritwik Ghatak's cinema
No full textAt Partition the dream of India’s independence from British colonial rule transformed itself into the horrific nightmare of communal violence. Ritwik Ghatak, one of the most important film makers of India, served the crucial function of chronicling this mass tragedy. The independence of India resulted not only in the partition of the subcontinent but in the mass migration of people. This inevitably led people to homelessness, unemployment, segregation and abject impoverishment. However, the reduction of the middle class into the lower class was not because of partition alone but also a result of the anti-people model that the Indian government adopted post-independence. This chapter will look at the ongoing trauma ofPartition and the way the people experienced it by analysing Ritwik Ghatak’s films.La Partición convirtió el sueño de emancipación de India en una pesadilla de violencia religiosa. Ritwik Ghatak, uno de los mejores cineastas indios, hizo de su obra una crónica de aquella tragedia. La Independencia no supuso ya la división del subcontinente en dos países, sino también un trasvase de población sin precedentes, con las consecuencias de personas sin hogar, desempleo, segregación y miseria. Por otra parte, el descenso social de la clase media iniciado con el proceso de independencia se vio agravado por las políticas antipopulares del gobierno indio. Este artículo estudia el trauma de la Partición en la obra de Ritwik Ghatak
JOEIM-19-0165.R1-Supplementary_Material – Supplemental material for Dynamic-joint-strength-based two-dimensional symmetric maximum weight-lifting simulation: Model development and validation
No full textSupplemental material, JOEIM-19-0165.R1-Supplementary_Material for Dynamic-joint-strength-based two-dimensional symmetric maximum weight-lifting simulation: Model development and validation by Ritwik Rakshit, Yujiang Xiang and James Yang in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-pdf-4-neu-10.1177_19714009211047455 - Supplemental material for Correlation of dual energy computed tomography electron density measurements with cerebral glioma grade
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-4-neu-10.1177_19714009211047455 for Correlation of dual energy computed tomography electron density measurements with cerebral glioma grade by Ritwik Chakrabarti, Vivek Gupta, Sameer Vyas, Kirti Gupta and Vikram Singh in The Neuroradiology Journal</p
sj-pdf-2-neu-10.1177_19714009211047455 - Supplemental material for Correlation of dual energy computed tomography electron density measurements with cerebral glioma grade
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-neu-10.1177_19714009211047455 for Correlation of dual energy computed tomography electron density measurements with cerebral glioma grade by Ritwik Chakrabarti, Vivek Gupta, Sameer Vyas, Kirti Gupta and Vikram Singh in The Neuroradiology Journal</p
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