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An Investigation of Biological and Behavioral Markers of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
No full textPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly debilitating and highly heterogeneous, complicating the development of effective treatments and identify circuit mechanisms. Environmental factors, such as early-life adversity (ELA), and symptom presentation factors, such as comorbidity with substance use, are associated with increased treatment resistance in PTSD. It is critical to understand how these factors influence PTSD circuit mechanisms to develop appropriate interventions. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a low-cost and non-invasive means of measuring hippocampal function, the impairment of which is associated with PTSD. In chapter 1, we present the results of an experiment conducted in individuals with varying levels of PTSD symptoms and cannabis use frequency who completed the MST; those with minimal use and high PTSD symptoms showed poor performance, while regular use and high PTSD symptoms showed improved performance. Follow-up longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate causality in the effects of cannabis use on cognitive functioning in PTSD. The Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus (PVT), critical to optimizing behavior during threat vs. reward conflict, has been implicated in reward dysfunction secondary to exposure to trauma, particularly in individuals exposed to ELA. Neuroimaging work has highlighted an association between transdiagnostic anhedonia symptoms and aberrant functional connectivity between the PVT and nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key part of neural reward circuitry. However, this association remains understudied in those with trauma-associated anhedonia symptoms. In chapter 2, we discuss findings of altered PVT-NAc fMRI functional connectivity in a sample of individuals with varying levels of trauma-related anhedonia symptoms and ELA exposure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Behavioral and Biochemical Consequences of Early Life Sleep Deprivation in Rats
No full textAdequate sleep is essential for normal brain function, especially during the critical period of early developmental stages (childhood and adolescence). Many epidemiological and clinical studies have linked early life sleep deprivation (SD) with the occurrence of later life behavioral impairment. However, the mechanism by which early life SD causes behavioral impairment is not fully understood. Animal studies have provided useful insights. Previous reports from our laboratory have suggested a potential role for oxidative stress in induction of behavioral impairments in a rat model of acute sleep deprivation. Others have reported that extended wakefulness increases cellular metabolism and induces formation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. Moreover, synaptic pruning and neuronal myelination occurs during early life. These processes are essential for neural circuitry maturation which underlies the behavioral changes. Sleep enhances synaptic pruning and neuronal myelination, strengthening neuronal connections. Therefore, we suggested that sleep deprivation during early life, by engaging stress pathway(s), adversely affects neuronal development and function leading to long-lasting behavioral impairment. We examined the effect of early life SD in rats. The rats at postnatal day (PND) 19 were exposed to SD 6-8h/day for 14 days. The behavioral consequences of SD were examined at different developmental stages; early adolescent: PND33, late adolescent: PND60, and adulthood: PND90. The biochemical markers of stress and synaptic density/ plasticity were measured in different brain regions at PND33 and PND90. We found that anxiety-like behavior was induced in SD rats at early life (PND33 and 60). However, at later life (PND90), anxiety-like behavior disappeared and depression-like behavior developed. Interestingly, we found a reduction in synaptic density and plasticity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of SD rats at PND33 and PND90 as compared to control rats. The protein level of the stress response phosphatase (MKP1), was upregulated while the protein level of the neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was down-regulated in PFC of SD rats. The results suggest that PND 19-32 in rats (2-11 years in humans), is a sensitive period to SD. Sleep deprivation during this developmental stage alters cortical maturation most likely by reducing synaptic density and plasticity contributing to the behavioral deficits.Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department o
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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