1,721,034 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Characterization of the mechanical behavior of the intact and cracked intervertebral disc
No full textLes affections de la colonne sont la principale source de handicap mondiale. Leur impact sur les systèmes de santé et sociaux est monumental dans les pays occidentaux et sans doute négligé dans les pays en voie de développement. Bien que traditionnellement considéré comme non spécifique, il est possible dans certains cas de définir des sources anatomo-pathologiques responsables de la douleur des patients. Parmi elles, se trouve les fissures radiales de l’annulus fibrosus du disque intervertébral. Cette lésion structurelle à de nombreuses conséquences sur la biologie et la mécanique du disque intervertébral, pouvant conduire à une dégénérescence de la structure. Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux déplacements et aux déformations du Nucleus Pulposus rendu plus importantes du fait de la brèche de l’annulus. McKenzie a émis l’hypothèse d’un nucleus mobile dans la fissure. Ces déformations / déplacements sont dépendants des forces imposées sur l’unité fonctionnelle par les mouvements physiologiques du rachis. Ainsi une flexion déplace / déforme le nucleus vers l’arrière, une extension vers l’avant et ainsi de suite. Afin de tester la pertinence de cette hypothèse, nous utilisons une approche quadruple, incluant :- Une revue systématique de la littérature avec une méta-analyse.- Une approche ex vivo, combinant IRM quantitative et analyse photomécanique.- Une approche in vivo d’analyse quantifié de mouvement.- Une approche in silico de modélisation par éléments finis.Nos résultats, quoique préliminaires, semblent confirmer cette hypothèse. Mais, nous sommes encore loin d’une validation ferme et définitive. D’autres recherches seront nécessaires pour finaliser cet objectif.Spinal disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Their burden onto healthcare and social system is enormous in the western countries and it is probably neglect in developing nations. Although define as a non-specific affection, it is sometimes possible to identify patho-anatomical sources leading to the patient pain. Among them, we can find the radial fissure of the annulus fibrosus. This structural lesion triggers a cascade of biological and mechanical events which could lead to the defervescence of the disc. In this thesis, we look closer to the bigger strain /displacement of the nucleus pulposus making possible by the breach of the annulus. McKenzie hypothesize a mobile nucleus into the fissure. These strains / displacements depend on the force imposed onto the spinal functional unit by the physiological movement of the spine. Thus, a flexion strains / displaces the nucleus backward, an extension frontward and so on. To test the relevance of this hypothesis, we used a fourfold approach, including:- A systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis.- An ex vivo approach, combining quantitative MRI and photomechanical analysis.- An in vivo approach of quantified movement analysis.- An in silico approach of finite elements modelization.Our result, despite being provisory, seems to confirm this hypothesis. But, we are far from a firm and definitive validation. Other researches are needed to finalize these goals
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Social worlds of connected broken backs : qualitative and quantitative analysis of the illness trajectory and social characteristics in patients with failed back surgery syndrom implanted with neurostimulation devices
No full textAlors que les lombalgies chroniques touchent des millions de personnes, au point d’être considérées comme « le mal du siècle », il n’existe aucune association d’envergure ni aucun groupe de patients atteints de cette symptomatologie douloureuse, contrairement à la quasi-totalité des autres pathologies chroniques. Il existe en revanche une multitude de petits groupes au sein desquels la lombalgie chronique est en filigrane. Afin d’expliquer ce phénomène, nous avons mené un travail mêlant analyses qualitatives et quantitatives de la trajectoire de maladie et des caractéristiques sociales des patients atteints de Lombo Radiculalgies Post-Opératoires (LRPO) implantés de dispositifs de neurostimulation. Nous avons montré que la lombalgie chronique est une entité trop vaste, induisant des expériences trop hétérogènes pour permettre aux personnes qui l’éprouvent de se sentir appartenir à un monde social unique. Pour se regrouper, les individus ont besoin de partager des expériences communes identifiables et suffisamment singulières pour rendre compte de toute la subtilité de la douleur qui les accable.While chronic low back pain affects millions of people, there is no major association or group gathering patients with this painful symptomatology, unlike most of other chronic conditions. However, there is plenty of small groups in which chronic low back pain is a common feature. Thus, in order to explain this phenomenon, we carried out a project mixing qualitative and quantitative analysis of the illness trajectory and social characteristics in patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) implanted with neurostimulation devices. Results led to the following suggestion: chronic low back pain is a condition too vast, and hence, induces too many heterogeneous experiences to let people experiencing it, feel a sense of belonging to a unique social world. To come together, individuals need to share a recognizable and sufficiently singular common experiences to account for all the subtlety of the pain that overwhelms them
Biomechanical analysis of bone expansion for reduction and stabilisation of fracture of cortico-cancellous structures : Application to the tibial plateau
No full textLes fractures du plateau tibial sont des traumatismes représentant 1 % de toutes les fractures osseuses dans la population générale et 8 % dans la population des personnes âgées. Touchant les surfaces articulaires du genou, ces fractures induisent une perte de mobilité et nécessitent une prise en charge chirurgicale. En 2012, une nouvelle méthode mini-invasive nommée Tubéroplastie a été créée permettant la réduction de certains types de fractures du plateau tibial par le gonflement d’un ballonnet. Ce geste chirurgical, comme tous les gestes mini-invasifs, implique un planning pré-opératoire minutieux du fait de l’absence de visualisation directe des fragments osseux et du fait de l’interaction indirecte avec les fragments osseux.Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif de développer et évaluer des méthodes et des outils numériques pour la planification de la prise en charge chirurgicale des fractures du plateau tibial, en intégrant les données morphologiques et comportementales spécifiques aux patients. Pour cela, trois approches numériques ont été développées et évaluées et une méthode expérimentale a été mise en œuvre et évaluée.La première approche numérique, basée sur l’analyse statistique de formes, permet de prédire statistiquement la forme saine d’un plateau tibial fracturé.La deuxième approche numérique propose la simulation numérique de la réduction de fracture du plateau tibial avec gonflement de ballonnet par modélisation patient-spécifique.La troisième approche propose la simulation numérique de la stabilisation de fracture du plateau tibial pour caractériser l’influence du type de stabilisation et de la durée de convalescence.Enfin, la méthode expérimentale mise en œuvre et évaluée permet la mesure des champs de déplacements volumiques associés aux fragments osseux, lors de la réduction de fractures. Bien que les modélisations numériques nécessitent d’être optimisées et validées avant d’être utilisées pour la prise de décisions cliniques, les trois approches numériques couplées pourraient mener à une simulation numérique complète du geste chirurgical.Tibial plateau fractures represent 1% of all bone fractures and 8% in the elderly population. These fractures usually require surgical management because they affect the articular surfaces of the knee and lead to the loss of mobility. In 2012, a new minimally invasive surgical method named Tuberoplasty was created to reduce certain types of tibial plateau fractures by balloon inflation. This surgical procedure, as all minimally invasive procedures, requires thorough pre-operative planning due to the lack of direct visualization of the bone fragments and indirect interaction.The objective of this thesis was to develop and evaluate numerical methods to assist preoperative planning of tibial plateau fractures management, integrating patient-specific morphological and behavioral data. For this purpose, three numerical approaches were developed and evaluated, in addition an experimental method was implemented and evaluated. The first numerical approach, based on statistical shape analysis, predicts the healthy shape of a fractured tibial plateau.The second numerical approach concerns the numerical simulation of tibial plateau fractures reduction with balloon inflation by patient-specific modeling.The third approach refers to the numerical simulation of tibial plateau fractures stabilization to characterize the influence of the type of stabilization and the recovery time.Finally, the experimental measurement method implemented and evaluated allows the measurement of volume displacement fields associated with bone fragments during fracture reduction. Although the numerical models need to be optimized and validated before they can be used for clinical decision-making, the three numerical approaches coupled together could lead to a numerical simulation of the complete surgical procedure
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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