1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Water Uptake of Experimental Soft Lining Materials
No full textPhDIn order to develop a successful soft lining material various factors have to be
considered; physical strength, adhesion to the denture base ( or prosthetic) and the
durability of the material's properties when in the mouth. It has been recognised that in
order to fulfil these criteria the material must be stable and have a low water uptake from
the aqueous environments of the mouth.
In the dental field comparatively little work has focused on how soft lining materials
behave in water where as water in polymers has received a considerable amount of
interest, with many different types of behaviour being observed and explained. It has
been realised by previous authors that the water uptake of elastomers is primarily driven
by soluble impurities, these form solution droplets within the material. The nature of the
growth is somewhat more debatable, with both Fickian and dual sorption kinetics being
reported.
Two basic types of materials were used in the study; silicone polymers and elastomer /
methacrylate materials. Silicone polymers are characterised by a low water uptake and
form the basis of perhaps the most successful soft lining material ('Molloplast B'). The
elastomer / methacrylate materials were based on those developed by Parker (1982),
Parker and Braden (1990) which showed considerable promise but suffered from an
extensive protracted uptake. Water uptake at 370C in conjunction with the tensile
strength were used to evaluate the materials produced as these simple tests enabled the
behaviour of the material in service to estimated.
Three different types of silicone polymers were used during the study classified by the
curing mechanism (condensation, peroxide and hydrosilanised), various fillers and
additives (such as calcium stearate) were incorporated into the materials and different
uptakes observed. The condensation silicones demonstrated large weight losses (up to
20 wt%) in water which is attributed to hydrolytic instability of the siloxane bridge in the
presence of an organo tin compound leading to a leaching of siloxane. The pure
peroxide and hydrosilanised materials both demonstrated a low water uptake but when
doped they form solution droplets in a similar way to that described in the literature.
Other additives showed different behaviour with the formation of cracks within the
silicone due to failure of the material around the droplets, the action of hydrophilic but
insoluble fillers also promotes the uptake. The hydrosilanised silicone polymers showed
considerable promise as soft lining materials with low water uptake and good tensile
strength.
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The elastomer / methacrylate materials were based initially on butadiene styrene
copolymer and a higher methacrylate monomer which formed a gel this was then free
radically cured. The water uptake of these materials was attributed to soluble separating
agent added to the butadiene styrene (to prevent particle agglomeration) during the
production of the powdered elastomer. The extent of the uptake could be controlled by
improving the strength of the material but the overall uptake remained too high. When
the material was placed in an osmotic solution (Na CI or glucose) the water uptake was
significantly reduced and the behaviour could be described by a modified (for small
strains) version of the Thomas and Muniandy (1987) theory for the growth of water
droplets in a elastomer.
In order to reduce the water uptake of the elastomer / methacrylate materials butadiene
styrene copolymers without separating agent was used. The emulsion polymerised
material contained soluble impurities from the polymerisation (i.e. soap)which acted to
drive the water uptake. Solution polymerised butadiene styrene also demonstrated a high
uptake but this is attributed to a clustering behaviour of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups
which formed post production. Similar behaviour is also seen for a solution polymerised
isoprene styrene elastomer. The role of crosslinking the material in restraining the
growth of the droplets is also investigated with dramatic reductions in the uptake being
observed as the crosslink density increased. The employment of a reinforcing silica filler
proved more effective than simply using a dimethacrylate. Oxidation is another problem
(characterised by an upturn in the absorption), although not observed in every case it was
a problem for all of the unsaturated elastomers and was found to be promoted by ions
present within saliva. Saturated butyl based (including chloro and bromo butyl)
elastomers were used instead and did not show any tendency for oxidation but they still
showed an uptake of approximately 3 to 4 wt%. Their stability however and reasonable
strength makes them suitable for further development as soft lining materials.
Theoretical considerations were investigated by HI NMR imaging with the formation of
droplets being observed, the profiles seen indicating the absorption to be two stage
rather than Fickian. The role of creep or stress relaxation is also identified as a
mechanism for extending the uptake by reducing the restraining force. Further reasoning
on all the data presented here concluded the role of chemical potential change associated
with the water into the matrix or the droplets will determine the nature of the uptake
observed
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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