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Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama Dalam Al-Quran (Telaah Konsep Pendidikan Islam)
Full text linkMuhammad Rifqi Fachrian: Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama dalam Al-Quran (Telaah Konsep Pendidikan Islam), di bawah bimbingan I: Dr.H.Burhanuddin Abdullah, M.Ag, dan II: Dr.H. Abdul Basir, M.Ag. Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, pada Pascasarjana IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin, (2017).
Kata kunci : Toleransi, Antar Umat Beragama, Al-Quran, Pendidikan Islam.
Indonesia merupakan negara yang terdiri dari berbagai macam suku, budaya dan agama yang berbeda-beda. Melalui UUD 1945 pasal 29 ayat 2 telah disebutkan bahwa "Negara menjamin kemerdekaan tiap-tiap penduduk untuk memeluk agamanya sendiri-sendiri dan untuk beribadat menurut agamanya dan kepercayaannya". Dengan berbagai macam latar belakang suku, budaya, dan agama yang berbeda-beda seharusnya berbagai unsur ini memahami posisi dan porsinya masing-masing, akan tetapi pada kenyataannya sampai sekarang masih ada masyarakat pada umumnya, dan kaum muslimin pada khususnya, belum memahami batasan toleransi yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan UUD, dan bagi kaum muslimin tentunya yang sesuai dengan pedoman Al-Qurandan Sunnah. Dalam hal ini pendidik, guru/dosen Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) yang tentunya bertanggung jawab terhadap pemahaman siswa/mahasiswa akan toleransi yang baik dan benar, sesuai dengan Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Hal ini menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam dunia pendidikan, peserta didik yang dihadapi terdiri dari berbagai latar belakang yang berbeda, dengan adanya pemahaman tentang toleransi, seluruh komponan pendidikan mampu bersikap, baik sesama Muslim maupun non Muslim, baik dilingkungan sekolah, maupun masyarakat.
Fokus penelitian adalah membahas toleransi antar umat beragama dalam Al-Quran yang ditelaah melalui konsep Pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu mengumpulkan dan menelaah sejumlah data penelitian melalui bahan-bahan pustaka. Pembahasan penelitian ini ditelusuri dengan melakukan studi tafsir terhadap ayat-ayat Al-Quran tentang toleransi antar umat beragama melalui telaah konsep Pendidikan Islam. Untuk mendapatkan ayat-ayat tersebut, penulis menggunakan metedologi tafsir tematik (maudlû’i). Penulis pada penelitian ini menetapkan topik masalah terlebih dahulu dengan kata kunci “toleransi”, kemudian mencari dan mengklasifikasian ayat-ayat yang berhubungan dan membahas tentang toleransi, meskipun secara tersurat kata toleransi tidak terdapat di dalam teks ayat, akan tetapi isi maupun subtansi kontekstual daripada ayat tersebut apabila berkenan dengan toleransi, maka akan dimasukkan ke dalam kategori ayat yang akan di bahas. Dalam hal ini penulis menemukan kata-kata lainnya yang berkenaan dengan pembahasan toleransi/ tasâmuh, diantaranya Agama/Ad-Dîn, pemaksaan/Ikrâh, Adil, Nasrani dan Yahudi/ Ahlu Al-Kitâb, Tuhan/ Ilâh,Râb. Kemudian penulis menyusun urutan-urutan ayat tadi sesuai dengan masa turunnya dengan memisahkan periode Makkiyah dan Madaniyyah. Berikutnya penulis mencoba memahami kolerasi ayat-ayat tersebut dalam surahnya masing-masing, dilanjutkan dengan melengkapi pembahasan dengan hadis-hadis yang relevan dengan masalah yang dimaksud. Langkah berikutnya penulis mencoba menyusun pembahasan dalam rangka yang
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sempurna, lalu melakukan studi tentang ayat-ayat tersebut secara keseluruhan dengan jalan menghimpun ayat-ayat yang mempunyai pengertian yang sama atau mengkompromikan antara yang ‘âm dengan yang khâsh , yang muthlaq dan muqayyad atau yang kelihatan bertentangan sehingga semuanya bersatu dalam satu muara tanpa perbedaan atau pemaksaan dalam pemberian arti, dan langkah terakhir yaitu menyusun kesimpulan-kesimpulan yang menggambarkan jawaban Al-Quran terhadap toleransi antar umat beragama melalui telaah konsep Pendidikan Islam, yang terdiri dari pengertian, tujuan, ruang lingkup dan implementasinya.
Hasil temuan tentang pembahasan toleransi antar umat beragama dalam Al-Quran adalah sebagai berikut.Terdapat beberapa ayat dalam Al-Quran mengenai toleransi diantaranya Al-Kâfirûn,109/18:1-6; Yûnus,10/51:99; Al-Baqarah,2/87:256;Al-An’âm,6/55:108; As-Syûrâ,42/62:15;Al-‘Ankabût,29/85: 46; dan Al-Mumtahanah,60/91: 7-9. Toleransi pada masa awal dakwah Rasulullah menegaskan tentang penguatan dan batasan nilai-nilai akidah, hal ini tercermin dari kronologi diturunkannya sûrat Al-Kâfirûn,109/18:1-6, Yûnus,10/51:99, Al-An’âm,6/55: 108, As-Syûrâ,42/62:15, dan Al-‘Ankabût,29/85:46 pada periode Makkiyyah. Kemudian pada periode selanjutnya yaitu Madaniyyah, ketika Islam sudah mulai berkembang dan kokoh, turunlah sûrat Al-Baqarah,2/87:256 dan Al-Mumtahanah,60/91: 7-9 yaitu tentang ancaman dan hubungan interaksi sosial antar umat beragama. Adapun keseluruhan daripada ayat-ayat toleransi diatas merupakan bagian dari ayat-ayat Muhkam. Melalui telaah Pendidikan Islam dapat disimpulkan pengertian toleransi antar umat beragama yang terkandung dalam Al-Quran yaitu Pertama,bertanggung jawab terhadap keyakinan dan pebuatan, Kedua, kebebasan memilih dan menjalankan keyakinan tanpa adanya paksaan, Ketiga, saling menghargai dan menghormati keyakinan, Keempat, berlaku adil dan berbuat baik sesama manusia. Pendidik dan peserta didik pada toleransi antar umat beragama dalam Al-Quran terdiri dari Allah sebagai sebenar-benarnya pendidik, Rasulullah sebagai peserta didik sekaligus juga sebagai pendidik, dan begitu juga seluruh manusia (orangtua, guru, dan masyarakat) sebagai umatnya. Toleransi antar umat beragama sebagaimana yang telah Allah jelaskan dalam Al-Quran merupakan jalan hidup untuk mencapai derajat Abdullah dan Khalifatullah. Allah menyeru dan membimbing toleransi kepada manusia melalui Al-Quran untuk Bertanggung jawab terhadap keyakinan dan pebuatan, kebebasan memilih dan menjalankan keyakinan tanpa adanya paksaan, saling menghargai dan menghormati keyakinan, berlaku adil dan berbuat baik sesama manusia. Semua hal tersebut merupakan kewajiban manusia sebagai Abdullah dan Khalifatullah yaitu untuk memelihara kerukunan dan perdamaian seluruh dinamika kehidupan di muka bumi.
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ABSTRACT
Muhammad Rifqi Fachrian: Inter-Religious Tolerance in the Koran (Assessing concept of Islamic Education), under the guidance I: Dr.H.Burhanuddin Abdullah, M.Ag and II: Dr.H. Abdul Basir, M.Ag. Thesis, Department of Islamic Religious Education, the Graduate IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin, (2017).
Keywords: Tolerance, Inter-Religious, The Koran, Islamic Education.
Indonesia is a country that consists of various ethnic, cultural and religious vary. Through the 1945 Constitution article 29, paragraph 2 has stated that "the State guarantees the freedom of each citizen to embrace their own religion and to worship according to his religion or belief". With a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds, cultures, and religions of different should the various elements is to understand the position and portions of each, but in fact, until now there are still people in general and Muslims in particular, do not understand the limits of tolerance good and right in accordance with the Constitution, and for the Muslims of course, that in accordance with the guidelines Koran and Sunnah. In this case educators, teachers / lecturers of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) which of course responsible for the understanding of the pupil / student for tolerance is good and right, according to Koran and Sunnah.
The focus of the research was to discuss religious tolerance in the Koran are analyzed through the concept of Islamic education. This research shaped library research (library research), which collects and examines a number of research data through library materials. Discussion This study traced by studying the interpretation of the verses of Koran about religious tolerance through the study of the concept of Islamic education. To obtain these verses, the author uses metedologi thematic interpretation (maudlû'i). Authors on the study establishes subject matter beforehand with the keyword "tolerance", then find and passages that relate and talk about tolerance, although it expressly said tolerance is not present in the text of the verse, but the content and substance of contextual than a paragraph the if pleased with tolerance, it will be put in the category of verse that will be discussed In this case I find other words with regard to the discussion of tolerance / tasâmuh, including; Religion / Ad-Dîn, coercion / Ikrâh, Fair, Christianity and Judaism / Ahlu Al-Kitâb, God / Ilâh,Râb.Then the writer compose sequences in accordance with the last paragraph with the decrease in future periods separating the Makkiyyah and Madaniyyah. Next the author tries to understand the correlation verses in surah respectively, followed by completing discussions with the traditions relevant to the issues in question. The next step the author tried to organize the discussion in order to perfect, then do a study of the verses as a whole by way of collecting verses that have the same understanding or compromise between the 'am (general) with the khâsh (specific), which mutlaq and muqayyad or that seem contradictory so that they come together in one estuary without distinction or coercion in the sense of giving, and the last step is compiling the conclusions that the answer to Koran against inter-religious
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tolerance through the study of the concept of Islamic education, which consists of understanding, purpose, scope and implementation.
The findings of the discussion of religious tolerance in the Koran are as follows. There are several verses in Koran about tolerance among Al-Kâfirûn, 109/18: 1-6; Yûnus 10/51: 99; Al-Baqarah, 2/87: 256; Al-An’âm, 6/55: 108; As-Syûrâ, 42/62: 15; Al-'Ankabut, 29/85: 46; and Al-Mumtahanah, 60/91: 7-9. Tolerance in the early days of the Prophet insists on strengthening propaganda and limit values of faith, which is reflected in the chronology of revelation of Al-Kâfirûn , 109/18: 1-6, Yûnus, 10/51: 99, Al-An'am, 6 / 55: 108, As-Shura, 42/62: 15, and Al-'Ankabut, 29/85: 46 in the period Makkiyyah. Then in the next period that is Madaniyyah, when Islam has begun to develop and sturdy, fell Surah Al-Baqarah, 2/87: 256 and Al-Mumtahanah, 60/91: 7-9 is about the threat of social interaction and relations between religious communities , As for the overall tolerance than the verses above are part of the verses Muhkam. Through the study of Islamic education can be inferred understanding of inter-religious tolerance embodied in Koran;First, responsible for the conviction and action;Second, freedom to choose and live their faith without coercion;Third, mutual respect and respect for beliefs;Fourth, to be fair and do good neighbor. Educators and students on inter-religious tolerance in the Koran consists of God as a true educator, Rasulullah as learners as well as educators, and so are all human beings (parents, teachers, and communities) as his own. Religious tolerance as God has described the Koran is a way of life to achieve the degree of Abdullah and Khalifatullah. Allah calls and guiding tolerance to humans through the Koran to take responsibility for and pebuatan beliefs, the freedom to choose and live their faith without coercion, mutual respect and respect beliefs, to be fair and do good neighbor. All of it is the responsibility of man as Abdullah and Khalifatullah is to maintain harmony and peace all over the dynamics of life on earth
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No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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