98 research outputs found
Tot maat van het recht : de vroege ontwikkeling van de wetenschap van het ontspoorde en criminele kind in het Centrale Observatiegesticht in Mol (1913-1941)
No full textThe first Belgian Child Protection Act, which passed in 1912, introduced the instrument of social and medical-psychological inquiry in both the sentencing and the re-education process of delinquent youth. As a result of the new, formal 'space for experts' thus created, a central observation centre for boys was established in the Flemish town of Mol in 1913. In this article the author first puts the development of this work, which reflected a shift in the problematisation and treatment of juvenile delinquency, into the context of a growing scientific interest in the delinquent child. Secondly, drawing on archival sources of the Mol centre such as a selection of case files of boys admitted between 1916 and 1941, she investigates the daily practice of scientific observation and diagnosis, its methods and techniques, and its results. This exploration suggests that practices in the Mol centre reflected, and at the same time have stimulated, an increasing importance of 'scientific' expertise in judicial decision-making, shaping juveniles' future pathways to a considerable extent. Yet the practices seem to have been less successful in keeping up with the scientific promise of a new, more adequate and effective kind of knowledge and treatment of juvenile delinquents
Ethical issues in engineering design safety and sustainability
No full textThe goal of this research is to obtain insight in how engineers deal with ethical issues in daily engineering design practice. It is reasonable to assume that ethical issues and the way engineers deal with them depend on characteristics of the design process. I have made use of Vincentis dimensions to characterize different design processes: design type and design hierarchy. In normal design the working principle, how the product works, and the normal configuration, the shape and parts of the product, are known. To obtain empirical data, case studies have been conducted. Two radical design processes, one high level conceptual design (an ultralightweight sustainable car) and one lower level design (a lightweight trailer) have been studied. Besides these two radical design processes, two normal design processes also differing in design hierarchy have been studied (design of piping and equipment for the (petro)chemical industry and the design of a bridge). In the radical design processes ethical questions are especially related to operationalisations of criteria such as safety and sustainability and trade-offs between design criteria. These operationalisations and trade-offs are made using internal design team norms. These internal norms are based upon design experience, personal experience and education of the design team members. In the normal design processes a regulative framework is used. A regulative framework consists of European and national regulation, codes and standards, and interpretations of regulation and code given by certifying organisations. The regulative framework provides operationalisations and some guidelines for trade-offs. This does not mean that all ethical issues can be dealt with by referring to the regulative framework. Some decisions that engineers make for example concerning safety are not covered by the regulative framework. Parts of the regulative framework are inconsistent and ambiguous. Another important ethical issue is that it is not clear whether the regulative framework is accepted by all affected actors. The descriptions of the design processes are used to formulate ideas on the conditions for warranted trust in engineers making normal and radical designs.Technology, Policy and Managemen
Bus preference and usage amongst elderly in urban areas of The Netherlands
No full textThe population of The Netherlands is ageing. It is important to offer suitable transportation options for the elderly to keep them participating in social activities to prevent lonelines. This research investigated the preferences and usage of bus services of elderly in urban areas in The Netherlands and the corresponding heterogeneity. 256 elderly respondents were questioned by means of a stated preference survey. By using a multinomial logit model the values elderly place on the bus attributes were quantified. A latent class choice model was estimated to explore the heterogeneity and the nature of the heterogeneity in preferences among the elderly. Besides that, public transport card data from Groningen is used to compare theory with findings from practice. The research results show that elderly in the Netherlands can be divided into several classes with their own preferences. Not all elderly prefer a low distance to the nearest bus stop and most of the elderly prefer high-frequent bus options.Transport, Infrastructure and Logistic
Optimization of modeling pile foundations
No full textIn this thesis different models are considered which can deal with the interaction between pile foundations and structures. This to find the most efficient way to model pile foundation structures whereby both the efficiency of the design as building process are taken into account. This are the models D-Pile (geotechnical), Scia Engineer (structural) and Plaxis (geotechnical). Therefore a study is done to the effects which play a role by pile foundation structures and or the different models can deal with this. The study focused on displacement piles which is the most used pile type in the Dutch building practice. The reference project which is used for this study is the foundation structure of a power pylon (as shown in figure 1) To get trust in the models after this study a verification is done for single piles which were subjected to an axial (compression and tension) and horizontal load on top. For piles loaded by axial compression the load-settlement behaviour is compared with the behaviour as one can determine according to NEN 9997-1 (EC7). Hereby one can see that the fact that the numerical model Plaxis does not take into account the installation effects (densification and displacement of the soil around the pile) leads to a deviating load-settlement behaviour in comparison with the behaviour of the other models which are based on empirical relationship (pile tests). This behaviour can be improved by additional tricks like volume expansions of the soil around the pile, but this is not taken into account in this thesis. So therefore Plaxis was not taken into account furthermore. After the verification of single piles, the verification was expanded for pile groups which was subjected to the same loading conditions. Hereby variations were made in the centre-to-centre distances of the piles and the thickness of the cap on top. Hereby can be noticed that the fact that D-Pile cannot take into account the bending stiffness of the pile cap can lead to an unrealistic distribution of pile forces in case of a thin plate with large centre-to-centre distances of the piles. On the other hand the additional settlement of a pile group in comparison with a single pile cannot be taken into account with the chose way of modeling in Scia Engineer, but only by D-Pile. The behaviour of pile groups loaded by tension can differ significant from single piles This effect has to be taken into account manually in both models. For a horizontally loaded group there is a significant difference in results in the bending moments in the pile heads and the displacement of the pile cap, which is caused by the different horizontal springs used in the models. Combining all these knowledge leads to the conclusion that Scia Engineer seems to be the best model for the design of the foundation structure of the power pylon. Hereby both the efficiency of the design process and the structure are taken into account. The reassons for this are: \u95 Besides D-Foundation which is a tool to determine the bearing capacity only one model is needed to analyse the behaviour of the piles and the foundation structure. This model is also used by the structural engineer to determine the distribution of forces and the reinforcement in the structure. \u95 The load-displacement behaviour of (tension) piles is governed by springs which are easy to adjust and it is easy to check if the behaviour is in line with the applicable standards. This is especially the case for tension piles, for which the bearing capacity is dependent on the pile-to-pile distance and the alternation between tensile and compressive loads.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Localization practices in trading card games: Magic the Gathering from english into portuguese
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.Abstract : The localization of a Trading Card Game of long durability and frequent updating such as Magic the Gathering (USA, 2003-present) requires a specific and detailed translation in relation to consistency, while following certain policies. This study presents a parallel, bilingual corpus created to observe technical constraints and localization policies which may pertain to the translation of such type of material from English into Brazilian Portuguese. In order to do so, the textual spoiler of 249 cards in each language has been extracted, aligned, and analyzed using Wordsmith 3.0 and Notepad++, with theoretical support of the translation description model created by Lambert & Van Gorp (1985) adapted for this genre. Macro analyses and subsequent micro analyses have both resulted in the observation of a translation product in Portuguese that is linguistically adequate to the target system, but not acceptable in the target cultural system. Additionally, certain sections of the product which require less rigidity in relation to the game rules could gain from the use of transcreation.A localização de um Jogo de Estampas Ilustradas de longa duração e atualização frequente como Magic The Gathering (EUA, 2003-atual) requer tradução específica e detalhada em relação a consistência lexical, ao mesmo tempo em que certas políticas devem ser seguidas. Este estudo apresenta um corpus paralelo e bilíngue criado a fim de observar restrições técnicas e políticas de localização que possam ser pertinentes à tradução de tal material do inglês ao Português do Brasil. Para tal fim, o texto de 249 cards em cada língua foi extraído, alinhado e analisado utilizando os programas Wordsmith 3.0 e Notepad++, com aporte teórico do modelo descritivo de traduções criado por Lambert e Van Gorp (1985) adaptado para o gênero. Ambas macro e micro análises resultaram na observação de um produto tradutório linguisticamente adequado ao sistema-alvo do Português, mas que não é aceitável em seu sistema cultural. Além disso, certas seções do produto que requerem menos rigidez em relação às regras do jogo poderiam ganhar em qualidade com o uso da transcriação
Multi Agent Path Planning for Medical Urban Air Mobility Services in 3D Environments
No full textUrban Air Mobility (UAM) has seen remarkable growth over the past decade, especially considering the delivery of goods. Notably, the delivery of medical supplies via Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a promising application, which is driven by its societal benefits and has been demonstrated successfully in rural environments. However, expanding these operations to urban areas presents a unique set of challenges, such as high traffic density and the need for online path planning of UAVs. Effective path planning and coordination are of utmost importance to allow for safe and efficient delivery operations in urban environments. Currently, path planning of UAVs is relatively unexplored, and for drone delivery models the trajectories of UAVs are often oversimplified. This research aims to fill the research gap by developing and evaluating an online path planning and coordination mechanism in 3D for a cooperative fleet of autonomous UAVs delivering medical supplies. The Rotterdam Area is selected as a use case, but the model can be adapted to other cities. Utilising an agent-based model formulation, this paper formulates a novel approach for multi-agent pathfinding in 3D and real-world environments, where the travelled paths of UAVs in drone delivery models are computed by taking into account the urban environment and kinematics of UAVs. Windowed Cooperative Safe Interval Path Planning (WC-SIPP) is used as a path planning and coordination mechanism, where kinematic constraints of UAVs and safety separation distances between UAVs are incorporated. Experimental studies show the capability of the algorithm to plan UAVs in different multi-layer urban environments. We establish that including more than one vertical layer is beneficial for UAVs to avoid conflicts by allowing them to change altitudes during flight. Additionally, we show that an increase in the number of layers does not lead to an increase in the delivery time of packages. However, an increase in available layers does come with a decrease in computational performance. Besides, the proposed method is able to plan the trajectories of UAVs and ensure safety separation between UAVs within a dynamic environment, where up to 20 unexpected obstacles are introduced into the environment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that for our operation model, assigning prioritisation based on either mission type or package request time did not influence the delivery time of packages.Aerospace Engineerin
Bereiding van rietsuiker
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische Procestechnologie.DelftChemTechApplied Science
Het reconstrueren van frames in het nieuws, op redacties en in de hoofden van journalisten: Een voorstel van Aanpak
No full textThis methodological contribution reflects on how frames in journalism can form a subject of research. Starting point is the overview of Entman’s four locations of frames: in the head of the author of a message and in that of the public, in a message and in culture. The paper, however, focuses on cultural frames, and looks at the way in which it relates to textual elements in the news, with journalists’ schemata and interactions in the newsroom, for example in editors’ meetings. Concrete methods and techniques are evaluated, and illustrated with examples of recent framing research. It argues for a multi-method approach: content analysis, survey research, in-depth interviews and newsroom observations
An Italian History of education schoolbook in a Gentilian perspective
No full textThe article takes into account a school-book by Pietro Eusebietti, a Turin Professor of Philosophy and Education. The book was published after the 1st World War and then reprinted during Fascim and Gentilian hegemony. The Author agrees both with Gentile and Mussolini. Is this a good school-book: this the central question of the paper. The answer, after an examination of language, contents and methodological approach to the subject matter, is not positive
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