288 research outputs found
Probability forecasts of 30-day precipitation
No full textRainfall is a very important factor in the overall picture of water resources. The question "How much rain will we get this month?" has long been asked, but never answered with any degree of accuracy. The U.S. Weather Bureau presently provides, each month, a map of the United States divided into regions of Light, Moderate, and Heavy rainfall predictions. This method of prediction falls short for at least three reasons...John W. Philpot and Richard G. Krutchkof
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506211042683 - Does Danger Level Affect Bystander Intervention in Real-Life Conflicts? Evidence From CCTV Footage
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506211042683 for Does Danger Level Affect Bystander Intervention in Real-Life Conflicts? Evidence From CCTV Footage by Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard, Lasse Suonperä Liebst, Richard Philpot, Mark Levine and Wim Bernasco in Social Psychological and Personality Science</p
The Psychology of Interoperability
No full textA series of focus groups will be conducted with experienced emergency responders from the Police, Fire and Rescue, and Ambulance Services. These focus groups will be on the topic of interoperability where we will explore participants views and opinions about multi-agency working. Specifically, we will explore their views about the current state of interoperability, explore their ideas for the future, and identify the role that social-organisational identities might play, building on our prior research (Power, Philpot & Levine, in prep)
Video Behavioural Analysis - A Methodological Guide
No full textAs the availability of high-quality video recordings in public settings has increased, so too has the opportunity for systematic video-based research into the behaviours of everyday citizens. However, despite the recent growth in the use of video materials in the social sciences, few methodological papers exist which describe in detail a video analysis approach to the study of public behaviour. The rare exceptions focus on the advantages and opportunities of applying video data as opposed to providing guidance for researchers interested in applying the methodology (e.g., Lindegaard & Bernasco, 2018; Philpot et al., 2019a). The purpose of the current manual is to draw together, in a single resource, the steps and considerations central to the application of a systematic video-based behavioural analysis. Furnished with examples from peer-reviewed, scientific articles, this training manual will cover a wide range of topics including: video data sources; ethogram construction; situational coding; individual and interaction chain coding; available software; tests of interrater reliability and other statistical and descriptive analyses. Where appropriate, the manual adopts a question-and-answer format to address some pertinent questions pertaining to the use and application of video analysis method. Our hope is that this manual will serve as a guide for researchers interested in expanding their methodological tool-kit to incorporate video behavioural analysis as a relevant and viable method for the study of real-life human behaviour in public settings
Beyond the Dyad: The Role of Groups and Third-Parties in the Trajectory of Violence
No full textEpisodes of aggression and violence continue to beset our public spaces. This thesis explores how well we understand the transition to violence—and how aggression and violence in public spaces can be managed or controlled. We begin by arguing that established social psychological approaches to aggression and violence are inadequate for the task. Existing models explain violence through the failure of individuals to inhibit their own impulses or control their own emotions sufficiently. At best the models allow for the importance of dyadic interactions as individuals provoke each other as part of an escalation cycle. We argue that public space aggression and violence involves multiple parties and more complex sets of social dynamics. We suggest that, at the very least, the roles of third-parties and social categories need to be at the heart of theorising about violence in public spaces.
To support our arguments, we examined violence directly through detailed behavioural microanalyses of real-life aggressive incidents captured on CCTV footage. We also built agent-based models (ABM) to explore different theoretical approaches to the impact of groups and third-parties on aggression and violence.
The thesis contains seven studies. We begin with a CCTV behavioural microanalysis (Study 1) that showed collective group self-regulation of aggressive and violent behaviour in both within- and between-group conflicts. This study demonstrated an ‘intergroup hostility bias’, showing a greater likelihood of aggressive, escalatory acts towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts than towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts. Furthermore, this study demonstrated an ‘intragroup de-escalatory bias’, showing a greater likelihood of peace-making, de-escalatory behaviours towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts than towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts. Overall, we found that the majority of coded actions were acts of de-escalation performed by third-parties.
With evidence stressing the importance of social dynamics, we compared dyadic models of aggression against an alternative social model (which allowed normative influence of others) in a dynamic agent-based modelling environment. We modelled the dynamics of metacontrast group formation (Studies 2 and 3), and found that group processes can produce both escalation of violence and inhibition of violence (Study 4). We found greater polarisation of violent positions in intergroup interactions than in intragroup interactions (Studies 5a and 5b). However, an emergent intergroup hostility bias did not emerge from this polarisation process. In Study 6, we re-examined the intergroup hostility bias present in our CCTV footage. We found an intergroup hostility bias for non-physical escalatory acts but not for physical escalatory acts. We examined the standardised number of actions contributed by third-parties and assessed the relationship between specific third-party conflict management strategies (policers and pacifiers) and conflict violence severity (Study 7).
Overall, our results showed that third-parties and groups are integral features of the dynamics of violence. Third-parties largely attempt to de-escalate conflict, and the conflict management strategy they employ has a direct relationship to the violent outcome. Groups have a tendency to de-escalate their own members, and self-policing and collective inhibition take place. These findings have importance for current models of aggression and violence and also for evidence-based violence reduction initiatives.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC
Art, Biography, Sexuality: Patrick Procktor and Keith Vaughan
No full textThis critical review forms a reflection on the research published within the following publications:
Patrick Procktor: Art and Life (Unicorn Press, 2010)
Keith Vaughan: The Mature Oils 1946-1977, (Sansom & Co., 2012)
The research is on two artists, Patrick Procktor (1936-2003), and Keith Vaughan (1912-1977). The monograph on Procktor – previously one of the least documented of the generation of artists who came to prominence in London in the Sixties – positions him in a history of art from which he had been notably absent. The research on Vaughan asserts a new reading of his work, one that is both deeper and more nuanced in its analysis of the ways in which personal experience and sexuality are encoded autobiographically within his work. Crucially, in both artists biography and work are symbiotically linked; the research therefore examines the links between life and art.
Revisionary in intent, the work examines trajectories of experience of gay British (or rather, English) artists in the twentieth century, artists who sought to express themselves and forge careers within the constraints of a heteronormative society, albeit one in which attitudes to sexuality were undergoing change. As gay men, both were constrained by the social mores of their times, and each used painting as a means to affirm personal and sexual identities. A key research interest is in the ways in which sexuality and persona are reflected in critical responses to the artist’s work: in Vaughan, Procktor and other gay male artists of the period. The writing on both Procktor and Vaughan examines the relationship between their personal and professional/artistic lives, framed within a broader socio-political and art historical context. It asserts the place of biography as a means to understand and form new readings of the work. The work adds substantially to the literature and wider discourse on post-war British painting and social history
Atlantic Shoreline Railroad
No full textA postcard published by F.C. Philpot, Sanford, Me of Atlantic Shoreline Railroad locomotive #100 (Laconia 1906) with two workers leaning out the window and fallowed by three box cars sitting next to a mill in Sanford, ME. The first box car labeled Grand Truck 23686.https://digitalmaine.com/trolley_images/2384/thumbnail.jp
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