635 research outputs found
Amino Acid Pools of Schistosoma Mansoni and Mouse Hepatic Portal Serum
No full textPaper by Harold L. Asc
IKKalpha negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation
No full textFull author list omitted for brevity. For the full list of authors, see article.The inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to infections and stress, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) is a critical negative regulator of apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation-andrecruitment (CARD) domain (ASC)-dependent inflammasomes. IKKalpha controls the inflammasome at the level of the adaptor ASC, which interacts with IKKalpha in the nucleus of resting macrophages in an IKKalpha kinase-dependent manner. Loss of IKKalpha kinase activity results in inflammasome hyperactivation. Mechanistically, the downstream nuclear effector IKK-related kinase (IKKi) facilitates translocation of ASC from the nucleus to the perinuclear area during inflammasome activation. ASC remains under the control of IKKalpha in the perinuclear area following translocation of the ASC/IKKalpha complex. Signal 2 of NLRP3 activation leads to inhibition of IKKalpha kinase activity through the recruitment of PP2A, allowing ASC to participate in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Taken together, these findings reveal a IKKi-IKKalpha-ASC axis that serves as a common regulatory mechanism for ASC-dependent inflammasomes
Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Rice Chloroplast Genome Variation Architecture and Phylogenetic Dissection in Diverse Oryza Species Assessed by Whole-Genome Resequencing
No full textOverall Ts/Tv (Transition/ Transversion ratio) in 1kb bins of the whole collection and different groups. ASW: Asian wild rice, ASC: Asian cultivated rice, AFW: African wild rice, AFC: African cultivated rice. (DOCX 78 kb
Enhanced c-Fos expression in the central amygdala correlates with increased thigmotaxis in rats with peripheral nerve injury
No full textBackground
Pain is associated with affective, cognitive and sensory dysfunction. Animal models can be used to observe ethologically relevant behaviours such as thigmotaxis, giving insight into how ongoing sensory abnormalities influence natural rodent behaviours. The amygdala is a complex group of nuclei implicated in the integration and generation of emotional behavioural responses, including those associated with pain, and a region known as the central amygdala is particularly associated with generation of behavioural responses, due to its links to the descending pain modulation pathways; as such, study of amygdalar c-Fos immunoreactivity can help identify the neuronal circuits involved.
Method
This study investigated changes in both nociceptive evoked responses and open field behaviour following spinal nerve transection (SNT) in male Wistar rats, and attempted to correlate these with changes in central amygdala c-Fos immunoreactivity.
Results
Fourteen days after SNT, mechanical hypersensitivity was present in the hind paw ipsilateral to site of injury. Thigmotactic behaviour was significantly increased in both SNT and sham surgery animals, with c-Fos immunoreactivity in the central amygdala significantly greater in SNT animals compared to both sham and naive groups. Activation was greatest in the capsular and lateral subnuclei of the central amygdala, and in the caudal-most regions. There was a strong correlation between thigmotactic behaviour and central amygdala activation following SNT surgery not seen in sham animals suggesting a role for the amygdala in behavioural responses to peripheral nerve injury.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence to support the role of the amygdala in thigmotactic open field behaviour following SNT.
What does this study add?
Thigmotaxis and amygdala activation are positively correlated in rats following spinal nerve transection.
Behavioural changes seen in sham animals did not correlate with amygdala activation, suggesting amygdala activation is related to nociceptive input.
Evoked measures, such as hindpaw withdrawal, are not correlated with either thigmotaxis or amygdala activation, emphasizing the importance of complex behaviours when studying pain
Reduced grain chalkiness and its possible physiological mechanism in transgenic rice overexpressing l-GalLDH
No full textAbstractChalkiness is one of the key factors determining rice quality and price. Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a major plant antioxidant that performs many functions in plants. l-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (l-GalLDH, EC1.3.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of Asc biosynthesis in plants. Here we show that the l-GalLDH-overexpressing transgenic rice, GO-2, which has constitutively higher leaf Asc content than wild-type (WT) plants, exhibits significantly reduced grain chalkiness. Higher foliar ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (Asc/DHA) ratios at 40, 60, 80, and 100days of plant age were observed in GO-2. Further investigation showed that the enhanced level of Asc resulted in a significantly higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) protein level in GO-2 at 80days. In addition, levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were lower in GO-2 at 60, 80, and 100days. The results we present here indicate that the enhanced level of Asc is likely responsible for changing redox homeostasis in key developmental stages associated with grain filling and alters grain chalkiness in the l-GalLDH-overexpressing transgenic by maintaining photosynthetic function and affecting phytohormones associated with grain filling
Angiotensin II Type 2‐Receptor: New Clinically Validated Target in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
No full textOsJAB1 Positively Regulates Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance Due to Inhibiting Early-Stage Salt-Induced ROS Accumulation in Rice
No full textReactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in plant stress response, but how plants modulate the dual roles of ROS in stress response is still obscure. OsJAB1 (JUN-activation-domain-binding protein 1) encodes the rice CSN5 (COP9 signalsome subunit 5). This study showed that, similar to the Arabidopsis homolog gene CSN5B, OsJAB1-overexpressing (driven by a CaMV 35S promoter) plants (OEs) impaired rice salt stress tolerance; in contrast, OsJAB1-inhibited-expression (using RNA-interfering technology) plants (RIs) enhanced rice salt stress tolerance. Differing from CSN5B that negatively regulated ascorbate (Asc) biosynthesis, Asc content increased in OEs and decreased in RIs. ROS analysis showed that RIs clearly increased, but OEs inhibited ROS accumulation at the early stage of salt treatment; in contrast, RIs clearly decreased, but OEs promoted ROS accumulation at the late stage of salt treatment. The qPCR revealed that OEs decreased but RIs enhanced the expressions of ROS-scavenging genes. This indicated that OsJAB1 negatively regulated rice salt stress tolerance by suppressing the expression of ROS-scavenging genes. This study provided new insights into the CSN5 homologous protein named OsJAB1 in rice, which developed different functions during long-term evolution. How OsJAB1 regulates the Asc biosynthesis that coordinates the balance between cell redox signaling and ROS scavenging needs to be investigated in the future
Applying BPM in agri-food supply chain industry: A case study of Peruvian rice
No full textThis article explores a rice supply chain management model in Arequipa as part of an agricultural supply chain research project in Peru. The research was consolidated with input from researchers who have experience evaluating and analyzing the supply chain of agricultural products globally. The case study shows that there are deficiencies in the management of the agricultural supply chain (ASC), which reduces productivity. An important pillar of it is the distribution and sale of its products, which are currently weak and obsolete. The contribution of this research is a basic model of rice supply chain management using the Business Process Management (BPM) approach. In the model it is important and requires expert observations so that its realization allows solving the problems of its processes, and in this way, rice farmers achieve recognition in the national and international market.This article explores a rice supply chain management model in Arequipa as part of an agricultural supply chain research project in Peru. The research was consolidated with input from researchers who have experience evaluating and analyzing the supply chain of agricultural products globally. The case study shows that there are deficiencies in the management of the agricultural supply chain (ASC), which reduces productivity. An important pillar of it is the distribution and sale of its products, which are currently weak and obsolete. The contribution of this research is a basic model of rice supply chain management using the Business Process Management (BPM) approach. In the model it is important and requires expert observations so that its realization allows solving the problems of its processes, and in this way, rice farmers achieve recognition in the national and international market.Trabajo de investigació
Studies in the Pysiological of CdCl2 on Rice Seedling Roots
No full text本論文係以台中在來一號 (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1) 水稻幼苗為試驗材料，擬探討氯化鎘對水稻幼苗根生理作用之影響。
鎘抑制水稻幼苗根生長之原因有二種可能，第一種為根部木質化作用發生，可以從PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) 活性增加與木質素累積得到證明；另一種則可能是氧化逆境的發生，從H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)與MDA (malondiadehyde) 含量之增加可以得到證明。
前處理GSH (reduced form glutathione) 與ASC (ascorbic acid) 能夠減緩鎘誘導根之氧化逆境，並回復根生長之抑制，其主要原因為前處理ASC與GSH可誘導清除過氧化氫之酵素APX (ascorbate peroxidase)、GR (glutathione reductase) 與POD (peroxidase) 之活性增加。
此外，前處理GSH與ASC後，水稻幼苗根之鎘累積量結果不同，以GSH前處理的根累積量比單一鎘處理高，代表GSH除了以提高抗氧化能力之方式減緩氧化逆境，可能影響水稻幼苗根之鎘吸收量。這些結果說明了氯化鎘導致根發生木質化作用，並引發氧化逆境，進而抑制水稻幼苗根之生長。In this thesis, rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Taichung Native 1, TN1) seedlings were used to investigate the cadmium-induced growth inhibition of roots.
There were two reasons of growth inhibition of rice seedling roots by cadmium, one is the lignification of roots, it can prove by enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the accumulation of lignin under cadmium stress. The other reason was cadmium-induced oxidative stress that could be judged, the observed increasing of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and MDA (malondiadehyde).
The main reason for reducing the cadmium-induced oxidative stress and the growth inhibition of root by pre-treatment reduced form glutathione (GSH) or ascorbic acid (ASC) was due to ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase.
In addition, pretreatments GSH and ASC accumulated different cadmium content in root. This data showed that GSH might not only enhance antioxidant ability but also affect the uptake of cadmium in root. However, ASC was certainly increased antioxidant capacity. These results indicated that the cadmium induced lignification of root, and lead to oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting the growth of rice seedling roots.中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖表目錄 IV
縮寫字對照表 V
壹、緒言 1
貳、前人研究 3
參、材料與方法 14
肆、結果 25
一、鎘對水稻幼苗之毒害 25
二、鎘造成水稻幼苗根H2O2累積 29
三、鎘對根部木質化作用之影響 29
四、鎘引起水稻幼苗根氧化逆境 35
五、前處理抗氧化物降低鎘毒害之發生37
伍、討論 44
陸、參考文獻 4
Conditions of Selection for a Community health worker (ASC) in the rural areas in Senegal : From a case study of a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer who supported ASC activities
No full textセネガルでは、国の方針として基礎保健員(以下ASCと略す)と呼ばれるコミュニティーヘルスワーカーの活動を期待している。しかし、その育成方法は各州・県に委ねられている。筆者は青年海外協力隊・保健師隊員として、セネガルでの活動の際にASC育成に関わった。その育成時に直面した「人選」の問題を通してASCの適切な選出条件を検討する。研究対象者は、1998年9月から2000年1月までにセネガルの農村部であるA村のASC候補者となった5人で、この5人が候補者として選出された経緯や性別、年齢、職業、現住所、出身村、村での役職、配偶者の職業、候補者以外の家族員の村での役職について比較検討を行った。その結果、候補者の性別は男性1名女性4名であり、年齢は20歳代から30歳代であった。現住所は保健小屋(ASCの活動拠点となる施設)のある村に在住している者が4名、そうでない者が1名であった。5人の候補者(A氏～E氏)の内ASCに選出された者はE氏であった。それ以外の4名の落選理由は、A氏の場合、有職(農業)者であることと保健委員長としてA村で活動していることであり、C氏の場合は義父が村長で義母が産婆であるため、D氏はA村外在住であるためだった。また、B氏については候補者となったが、夫の病気、自身の妊娠・出産、また産後の健康状態がふるわず、ASCを辞退していた。A村での選出過程を通してセネガルの農村部におけるASCの重要な選出条件は、1.ASCが保健小屋のある村の出身か、そうでない場合はASCの出身村が保健小屋のある村と関係性が良好であること。2.ASCとして活動に専念できることを期待されているため、20～40歳代の無職の者で、かつ女性は近い将来出産の予定がないこと。3.ASCの一家族内に、村での重要な役職に就いている者がいないこと。4.ASCの配偶者が現金収入を得ているといった、ASCの家族の経済状態が安定していることであった。The author was involved in training and educating ASCs (Senegal's equivalent of community health workers) as a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer in Senegal. This paper considers the appropriate selection condition for ASCs, based on the problems concerning "personnel selection" experienced by the author during activities. The subjects of this study were five persons who became ASCs in Village A in a rural area of Senegal from September 1998 to January 2000. A comparative analysis was conducted on these five persons. As a result of analyzing the processes of selecting ASCs in Village A, the following important selection conditions were identified : 1) It is good for a ASC to be from a village where a health center is located, or if not, for his/her hometown to have a good relation with the village where a health center is located ; 2) An ASC should be a person who has no work in from his/her 20s to 40s, and yet in the case of a woman is not planning to become pregnant in the near future ; 3) An ASC's family should not hold an important position in the village ; and 4) The economic condition of the ASC's family should be stable, for example the ASC's spouse has cash earnings.10KJ00004723711研究報告Repor
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