1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
F and normality tests analyzed under different experimental conditions
Full text linkA pressuposição de normalidade dos erros experimentais é uma das exigências que se impõe para a aplicação de importantes procedimentos inferenciais, como o teste F da Análise de Variância (ANOVA), muito empregada em diversos campos científicos, como as Ciências Agrárias. Nesse sentido, resultados importantes e conhecidos da Estatística, como o Teorema Central do Limite, não impõem, teoricamente, muitas dificuldades para se obter, a partir de praticamente qualquer variável aleatória não normal, uma nova variável aleatória, que seja normal, com a finalidade de não violar essa pressuposição. No entanto, por questões de ordem prática, nem sempre é possível obter um número de repetições por tratamento suficientemente elevado para que o Teorema supracitado seja aplicado. Assim, algumas das alternativas mais empregadas são os testes de normalidade, para, com quantidades limitadas de observações amostrais, inferir a respeito da normalidade dos dados. Porém, as efetividades desses testes, assim como de outros testes de hipóteses, em termos de poder (probabilidade de rejeitar uma hipótese nula falsa) e nível de significância (probabilidade de rejeitar uma hipótese nula verdadeira cometendo o erro tipo I), são influenciadas pelas condições experimentais. Por isso, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho dos testes de normalidade mais comuns em condições de igualdade (desigualdade) das médias dos tratamentos, homogeneidade (heterogeneidade) de suas variâncias residuais, número de repetições de cada um e simetria (assimetria) das distribuições de probabilidades dos erros experimentais. Foi possível também analisar o desempenho do próprio teste F, inclusive quando a pressuposição de normalidade foi violada. De maneira geral, foi possível concluir, ao realizar simulações, que o poder empírico dos testes de normalidade tende a cair quando a distribuição empírica dos erros experimentais é simétrica e o número total de observações é muito baixo, e que as taxas de erro tipo I, tanto dos testes de normalidade, quanto do teste F, tendem a aumentar quando as variâncias residuais dos tratamentos são heterogêneas. Palavras-chave: Testes de Hipóteses. Nível de Significância. Erro Tipo I. Erro tipo II. Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC). Distribuição Normal. Erros Experimentais.The assumption of normality of experimental errors is one of the requirements imposed for the application of important inferential procedures, such as the F test of Analysis of Variance (AOV), widely used in several scientific fields, such as Agricultural Sciences. In this sense, well-known statistics results, such as the Central Limit Theorem, do not theoretically impose many difficulties to obtain, from practically any non-normal random variable, a new random variable, which is normal, with the purpose to attend this assumption. However, due to practical reasons, it is not always possible to obtain a sufficiently high number of repetitions per treatment to apply this Theorem. Thus, some of the most used alternatives are the normality tests, to, with limited amounts of sample observations, infer about the normality of the data. But, the effectiveness of these tests, as well as other hypothesis tests, in terms of power (probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis) and significance level (probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis, type I error), are influenced by the experimental conditions. Therefore, this work was carried out with the objective of comparing the performance of the most common normality tests under conditions of equality (inequality) of the means of the treatments, homogeneity (heterogeneity) of their residual variances, number of repetitions of each one and symmetry (asymmetry) of experimental errors probability distributions. It was also possible to analyze the performance of the F test itself, when the assumption of normality was violated. In general, it was possible to conclude, when performing simulations, that the empirical power of normality tests tends to drop when the empirical distribution of experimental errors is symmetrical and the total number of observations is very low, and that Type I error rates, both for the normality tests and for the F test, tend to increase when the residual variances of the treatments are heterogeneous. Keywords: Hypothesis Tests. Significance Level. Type I error. Type II error. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Normal Distribution. Experimental Errors.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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