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Vivre ensemble avec résidences thérapeutiques: conceptions sociales, les processus d'identité et les relations intergroupes
Get PDFWe developed this thesis in order to examine the intergroup relations in the context of living in the same neighborhood as Therapeutic Residences (RTs). Through an ethnographic approach that included interviews and observations, we investigated the conceptions of residents of a neighborhood that encompasses three RTs in relation to living in the same neighborhood as these Residences and to the interaction with the RTs’ dwellers in public spaces. Three complementary studies were conducted. In the first study we explored the participants’ conceptions on three main aspects: the psychiatric hospital, its closure, and the destiny of ex-inpatients without family ties. We used the social representations theory to discuss our data in this initial study. We observed that the psychiatric hospital was seen as a reference for the participants, it was represented as a “house for the recovering of crazy people", and a necessary place mainly due to the existence of the "crazy dangerous". The participants showed displeasure with the psychiatric hospital closure, but at the same time, they demonstrated a favorable attitude toward its deactivation based on the interaction with ex-inpatients who lived at the RTs in the neighborhood, which were represented as nonaggressive. Nonetheless, the participants suggested that the RTs were transferred to distant locations, such as "farm-houses”. In the second study, based on the social identity theory, we addressed the participants’ conceptions about living in the same neighborhood as the RTs, which were conceived as places that exert some control over the RT’s dwellers, playing the role of the psychiatric hospital. In addition to that, the presence of RTs in the neighborhood allowed the "outsiders" to classify that place as the "neighborhood of crazy people", reflecting negatively at the participants’ social identity. This may have been one of the reasons that justified the tendency of intergroup differentiation in the relationship between participants and the RTs’ dwellers, which can be understood as a result of a need for seeking a positive social identity. Nevertheless, old stereotypes associated with craziness, such as the social dangerousness, were fading by the daily coexistence. Even with the tendency to separation, there was a movement that points to the possibility of coexistence without major conflicts between the groups involved, illustrating the ambiguity of relations, since in the context of living in the same space as the RTs, “there is no cake’s recipe”. Finally, in the third study we discussed the social representations of interaction with the RTs’ dwellers, and we used an integration of the theory of social identity and the theory of social representations to analyze our data. Participants knew the RTs’ dwellers from seeing them around and they recognized them by nicknames and also by name. The circulation through the neighborhood’s public spaces enabled the dialogue between the participants and the RTs’ dwellers; however, this dialogue was restricted to brief greetings: "we go by, hi there, hi here". The reports indicating the creation of links coexisted with the social representations that support the limitation of the residents to a dialogue. We believe that the social representation of the RTs’ dwellers as having limitations to conversation had a specific and important function to the participants in relation to the processes of identity construction. We are facing an ambiguous reality that shows the desire of intergroup separation, but also reveals the chances for dialogue between the craziness and the public space, even if it is through some conditions such as quick and distant relationships. To ensure that the house of crazies is a common space is essential in this discussion, which implies the neighborhood residents’ social participation and their frequency in the public sphereNous avons développé la thèse afin d'examiner les relations intergroupes dans le
contexte de la vie avec Résidences Thérapeutiques (RTs). À travers une approche
ethnographique des interviews et des observations, nous avons étudié les conceptions
d'habitants d'un quartier qui reçoit trois RTs sur la vie avec ces appareils et l'interaction
avec les résidents de la RTs dans les lieux publics. Trois études complémentaires ont été
réalisées. Dans la première étude, nous avons exploré les conceptions des participants
sur trois aspects principaux: l'hôpital psychiatrique, sa fermeture et le destin de l'expatients hospitalisés sans liens familiaux. Nous avons utilisé la théorie des
représentations sociales pour discuter de nos données dans cette première étude et
constaté que l'hôpital psychiatrique a été représentée comme référence pour les
participants, comme maison de récupération de “fous”, le lieu nécessaire,
principalement, en raison de l'existence de "fou dangereux". Les participants ont montré
mécontentement avec la fermeture, mais dans le même temps, a montré une position
favorable à sa désactivation, basé sur la coexistence avec des ex-patients hospitalisés
qui vivent dans le quartier à la RTs, représentés comme non-agressif. Toutefois, les
participants suggèrent que les RTs sont transférés à des endroits éloignés tels que
"Fermes-Maison". Avec le soutien de théorie de l'identité sociale, dans la deuxième
étude, nous avons abordé les conceptions sur la vivre ensemble avec les RTs, qui ont été
conçus comme des lieux qui exercent un certain contrôle sur les habitants, en jouant le
rôle de l'hôpital psychiatrique. En outre, la présence de RTs dans le quartier a permis
aux “outsiders” classent ce site comme "quartier de fous", reflétant une identité sociale
négative des participants. C'est peut-être une raison qui justifie la tendance à la
différenciation intergroupe dans la relation entre les participants et les habitants de la
RTs observées dans le discours, peut être comprise comme une conséquence de la
nécessité d'une identité sociale positive. Vieux stéréotypes associés à la folie, comme la
dangerosité sociale, ont été abandonnés par la coexistence quotidienne. Même avec la
tendance à la séparation, il ya un mouvement qui souligne la possibilité d'une
coexistence sans conflits majeurs entre les groupes impliqués, illustrant l'ambiguïté des
relations, parce que dans le contexte de la vie avec RTs, "n'a pas de formule de
gâteau". Enfin, dans la troisième étude, nous avons discuté les représentations sociales
de l'interaction avec les habitants de la RTs et utilisé la théorie de l'identité sociale et la
théorie des représentations sociales pour analyser nos données. Les participants
connaissent les habitants "de la vue" et, en plus, ils sont reconnus par des surnoms et
aussi par nom. La circulation dans les espaces publics du quartier permet le dialogue
avec les participants, cependant, limité à la rencontre des passagers: "Nous passons,
salut à là, salut ici". Les rapports indiquent que la création de liens coexistent avec les
représentations sociales qui soutiennent la limitation des résidents au dialogue. Nous
comprenons que la représentation sociale des habitants comme limitée à la conversation
a une fonction spécifique et important pour les participants, en rapport avec les
processus de construction identitaire. Nous sommes confrontés à une réalité ambiguë
qui montre la volonté de la séparation entre les groupes, mais révèle aussi les chances de
dialogue entre la folie et de l'espace public, même par des conditions telles que la
vitesse et la distance dans les relations. Assurez-vous que la maison de la folie est
l'espace commun est essentiel dans cette discussion, ce qui implique la participation
sociale des résidents et de leur fréquence dans la sphère publiqueElaboramos a tese com objetivo de analisar as relações intergrupais no contexto da
convivência com Residências Terapêuticas (RTs). Por meio de perspectiva etnográfica
com entrevistas e observações, pesquisamos as concepções de habitantes de um bairro
que recebe três Residências Terapêuticas sobre a convivência com estes dispositivos e a
interação com os moradores das RTs nos espaços públicos. Foram realizados três
estudos complementares. No primeiro estudo, exploramos as concepções dos
participantes sobre três aspectos principais: o hospital psiquiátrico, seu fechamento e o
destino dos egressos sem laços familiares. Apoiamo-nos na Teoria das Representações
Sociais (TRS) para discutir nossos dados neste estudo inicial e observamos que o
hospital psiquiátrico se constituiu como referência para os participantes, representado
como “casa de recuperação dos doidos”, lugar necessário, principalmente, em função
da existência do “doido perigoso”. Os participantes demonstraram descontentamento
com o fechamento, mas ao mesmo tempo, apresentaram uma postura favorável à sua
desativação, fundamentada na convivência com egressos que habitam a vizinhança nas
RTs, representados como não agressivos. Contudo, os participantes sugerem que as RTs
sejam transferidas para locais afastados, tais como “casas-chácara”. No segundo
estudo, com auxílio da Teoria da Identidade Social (TIS), abordamos as concepções
sobre a convivência com as RTs, as quais foram concebidas como locais que exercem
certo controle sobre os moradores, desempenhando, nessa visão, o papel do hospital
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psiquiátrico. Além disso, a presença das RTs no bairro possibilitou que “o pessoal de
fora” classificasse aquele local como “o conjunto dos doidos”, refletindo negativamente
na identidade social dos participantes. Essa pode ter sido uma razão que justificou a
tendência à diferenciação intergrupal na relação entre participantes e os moradores das
RTs observada no discurso, podendo ser compreendida como uma necessidade
decorrente do processo de identidade social. Antigos estereótipos associados à loucura,
como a periculosidade social, foram desfeitos a partir da convivência cotidiana. Mesmo
com a tendência à separação, há um movimento que aponta para a possibilidade da
coexistência sem maiores conflitos entre os grupos envolvidos, ilustrando a
ambiguidade das relações, pois no contexto da convivência com RTs, “não tem fórmula
de bolo”. Por fim, no terceiro estudo, debatemos as representações sociais da interação
com moradores das RTs e utilizamos de forma conjunta a Teoria da Identidade Social e
a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os participantes conhecem os moradores das RTs
“de vista” e, além disto, estes são reconhecidos por apelidos e também pelo próprio
nome. A circulação pelos espaços públicos do bairro possibilitou o diálogo com os
participantes, contudo, restrito aos encontros passageiros: “a gente passa, oi prá lá, oi
prá cá”. Os relatos que indicam a criação de vínculos coexistem com as representações
sociais que sustentam a limitação dos moradores para o diálogo. Entendemos que essa
representação social dos moradores como limitados para a conversa possui função
específica e importante para os participantes, relacionada aos processos de constituição
identitária. Estamos diante de uma realidade ambígua que apresenta o desejo de
separação intergrupal, mas também revela as chances para a interlocução entre loucura e
espaço público, mesmo que por meio de condições como o distanciamento e a ligeireza
das relações. Garantir que a casa da loucura seja o espaço comum é essencial nesta
discussão, o que implica na participação social dos moradores e sua frequência na esfera
pública
Aos cuidadores do serviço residencial terapêutico: novas maneiras de cuidar...?
Get PDFThis work has proposed conducting an approximation of the reality of caretaker of a SRT to contribute to discussions on the Psychiatric Reform and deinstitutionalization of madness. We chose the qualitative approach because we believe that best apply to the proposed objectives. The study participants were six caretakers of a therapeutic residence of the State of Espírito Santo. For data collection was used semi-structured interviews and participant observation. For data analysis and interpretation were used the "Content Analysis" of the material collected, and prioritized the use of one of its categories, the "thematic analysis”. We found that caregivers are professionals who worked on common services basically, without a higher level of complexity, and also unrelated to the area of Health. All participants have less than a year of experience in the SRT. Were contracted of two companies: one specializing in food, and one of general services. Participants considered that were not prepared to act in the house, but despite this, they feel prepared for the service. Had no training in health, acquired the main information of the SRT on their first contact the HAB, which received guidance on their work in residential service. Besides the guidelines, learn to deal with situations, which were mainly concerned in the day to day work. Was noted that users, in general, are similar to the child several times in the speech of the participants, and the process of social reintegration is compared to the child learning. We suggest the creation of spaces where can be discussed with the caregivers and residents on issues such as health care, madness, and that the professional of residential services must have a considerably more comprehensive support for the conduct of their office. In this context, beyond inquire about which types of care are being practiced by caretakers of residential service for residents, we concluded that also indispensable discuss the level of attention given to caregivers.Este trabalho teve como proposta realizar uma aproximação da realidade de trabalho dos cuidadores de um SRT visando contribuir com as discussões sobre a reforma psiquiátrica e desinstitucionalização da loucura. Optamos pela abordagem qualitativa por entendermos que melhor se aplicaria aos objetivos propostos. O estudo teve como participantes seis cuidadores de uma residência terapêutica do Estado do Espírito Santo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo do material coletado, sendo priorizada a utilização de uma de suas categorias, a análise temática. Verificamos que os cuidadores são profissionais que atuavam em serviços basicamente comuns, sem um nível maior de complexidade, e também sem relação com a área da Saúde. Todos os participantes possuem menos de um ano de experiência na casa. Foram contratados junto a duas firmas: uma especializada em alimentação, e outra da área de serviços gerais. Responsabilizam-se pela alimentação ou organização e limpeza da casa, de acordo com a empresa a qual são vinculados, e ambos têm a função de cuidar dos moradores. Os participantes consideraram que não tiveram preparação para atuar na casa, mas apesar disto, se sentem preparados para o serviço. Não tiveram formação profissional no campo da saúde, adquiriram suas principais informações sobre as residências terapêuticas ao primeiro contato com o HAB, onde obtiveram orientações sobre seu trabalho no serviço residencial. Além das orientações, aprendem a lidar com as situações, principalmente as quais se mostraram preocupados, no dia a dia de trabalho. Os participantes têm a função de se responsabilizar pelos moradores dentro da casa e no ambiente da rua, se consolidando como peças-chave no processo de reinserção social. Verificamos em nosso estudo que os usuários, de uma forma geral, são assemelhados à criança em vários momentos do discurso dos participantes, e o processo de reinserção social é comparado ao de aprendizagem infantil. Sugerimos a criação de espaços em que possam ser discutidas com os cuidadores e moradores questões como o cuidado em saúde, loucura, entre outras, e que os profissionais dos serviços residenciais tenham um suporte consideravelmente mais abrangente para a condução de seu ofício. Neste âmbito, além de indagar sobre que formas de cuidado estão sendo praticadas pelos trabalhadores de residências terapêuticas em relação aos usuários, concluímos ser imprescindível que se discuta também sobre o nível de atenção dispensada aos cuidadores
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A desinstitucionalização da loucura na literatura científica brasileira
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to analyze the meanings of the deinstitutionalization of madness in the Brazilian scientific literature, verifying whether these are related to mental health policies. Through an integrative review, two databases were consulted: SciELO and Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, searching in the title words for the term “deinstitutionalization”, resulting in 47 articles. From the thematic analysis, four categories were listed: “conceptions”; “networks / services”; “professional” and “family”. The results show the correlation of meanings related to deinstitutionalization to mental health policies, despite some challenges. However, the presence of the user of the services in the thematic categories could have been more vehement, since the dismantling of the asylum logic requires a transformation in power relations, which means their participation in decisions related to their lives.O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os significados da desinstitucionalização da loucura na literatura científica brasileira, verificando se estes se relacionam com as políticas de saúde mental. Por meio de revisão integrativa, foram consultadas duas bases de dados: SciELO e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, buscando nas palavras do título o termo “desinstitucionalização”, resultando em 47 artigos. Da análise temática surgiram quatro categorias: “concepções”; “redes/serviços”; “profissional” e “família”. Os resultados apontam a correlação dos significados referentes à desinstitucionalização às políticas de saúde mental, apesar de alguns desafios. Contudo, poderia ter sido mais veemente a presença do usuário dos serviços nas categorias temáticas, pois o desmantelamento da lógica manicomial requer a transformação nas relações de poder, o que significa sua participação nas decisões relacionadas às suas vidas
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