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Semantic Changes of English Preposition against: A Grammaticalization Perspective
Get PDFThis paper describes semantic changes of English preposition against that occurred in the course of its grammaticalization. Based on semantic designations provided in Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.; 1991), this paper shows how particular meanings of the word evolved. Four major mechanisms of semantic change are invoked here to explain such semantic changes, i.e., metaphor, generalization, subjectification, and frame-of-focus variation. Metaphorical transfer extends formerly concrete meanings that made reference to physical space onto more abstract meanings such as temporal reference. Generalization changes relatively specific meanings or meanings largely restricted to a particular domain into those that could be used in larger contexts. Subjectification changes meanings formerly associated with description of the external world into those associated with personal emotion and evaluation. Finally, variation of the frame of focus on the source image schema gives rise to various meanings that are in apparent antonymy. This investigation shows that semantic change is a complex process in which multifarious factors and mechanisms interplay
Semantic Changes in Grammaticalization of Postpositionoids from Movement Verbs in Korean
Get PDFThis paper attempts to provide an account of semantic changes displayed by six verbs in the course of their grammaticalization into ten postpositionoids. These source verbs, despite their phonological and morphosyntactic complexity, have shared semantic characteristics in that they denote movement containing manner components. For semantic change mechanisms it is proposed here that various mechanisms such as variable frame of focus, metaphor, metonymy, pragmatic inference, subjectification, and hyperbole are the driving forces, and individual instances of semantic change operation are illustrated. Of note among these mechanisms is that hyperbole has not been proposed as a semantic change mechanism in grammaticalization to date, but is seen to be operative in grammaticalization of an allative marker -ey tayko from tayta 'touch'
Pragmatic Inference and Grammaticalization of Serial Verbs of Displacement in Korean
Get PDFProceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley
Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Role of
Learnability in Grammatical Theory (1996
“I Know I’m Shameless to Say this”: Grammaticalization of the Mitigating Discourse Marker Makilay in Korean
No full textAbstractDiscourse markers are universal especially in oral discourse. Korean has one peculiar type of mitigating discourse markers that came into existence recently and is widely used among the young generation, i.e. makilay and its variants. An analysis of their grammaticalization processes reveals that they involve (i) meta-discursive strategies in that the speaker is monitoring the self's utterances, (ii) a shifted perspective in that an imaginary third-person's evaluative viewpoint is adopted, and (iii) elaborate intersubjectification in that the speaker is attenuating the self's talk by protecting the face of the addressee as well as the speaker in a potentially face-threatening act
Semantic Structure of English Prepositions: An Analysis from a Grammaticalization Perspective
Get PDFThis paper aims to investigate the holistic semantic structure of 20 high frequency English prepositions from a grammaticalization perspective. Based on the lexicographic sense designations in Oxford English Dictionary and frequency literature, this paper analyzes them both at macro· and microstructure levels to determine the semantic network pattern A large number of these high frequency prepositions do not show recognizable lexical sources, but among those with lexical sources, spatial nouns constitute the major lexical source category. The notion LOCATION is the most central source meaning, followed by its closely related MOTION. From these central senses, meanings extend across psychological and temporal domains, then further across diverse subdomains, by way of semantic change mechanisms such as metaphor, frame-of-focus variation, and subjectification. Contrary to expectation, these three mechanisms account for majority of the attested semantic changes both at the macro-level and the micro-level; and while metonymy is normally expected to operate at the micro-level semantic change, the result shows otherwise. It is hypothesized, therefore, that metonymy is operative even below the level of lexicographic designations of word meanings. Of particular importance is that frame-of-focus variation accounts for a high percentage of semantic changes associated with these high frequency prepositions.This research was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant (2002-041-A00217). and a
pilot st udy paper with a smaller sample was presented at the 68th Southeastern Conference
on Linguistics (SECOL LXVIIl), Georgetown University, Washington D.e., April 11-13, 2003 (see Rhee 2003a)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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