1,721,124 research outputs found
"Entrepreneurship: what are the typical capabilities to create competitive resources? A discussion from case studies"
Full text linkIt appear that a golden opportunity was missed at the beginning of the 1990's. Several people began to study businesses from the point of view of resources, but very few took the same approach to entrepreneurship (Naman & Slevin, 1993). We believe the reason for this lies in the difficulties to identify the source of and the transformation processes employed for these resources. Yet, the question of the creation of resources is centred around entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur can be defined as someone who wishes to start-up a business primarily using resources he believes he controls. He is the actor who finally enacts his dreams after long consideration and chooses a trajectory that partly determines the nature of his corporate purpose. Both of these are characteristics of the “resource-based” approach. Lastly, an entrepreneur is someone who lives in hope of finding a sustainable place on his target market. To do this, he must differentiate, even if his resources are initially relatively standardised. The question of strategic differentiation based on the exploitation of resources with similar sources, is at the centre of the “resource-based” approach (Peteraf 1993). This takes us back to the assumptions of Edith Penrose (1959). The combination and specific exploitation of resources renders such resources specific and determines their value. In sum, by looking at entrepreneurship from the point of view of resources, we underline that the entrepreneur produces resources, the very act of which modifies his competencies and capabilities. The success or failure of a business creation is partly dictated by what has gone before, which influences the present and future. Therefore, history affects the ability of the entrepreneur to maintain a distinctive spiral comprising three essential characteristics: resources, competencies and organisational capabilities.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Studying decision endogenous factors : an application to the decision to internationalize of French SME's decision makers
No full textCette recherche propose d'étudier les facteurs qui influencent les responsables de PME dans leur choix d'internationaliser une activité. Partant de la littérature en science de gestion sur la décision, nous mettons en exergue l'influence séminale et néanmoins peu étudiée d'un déterminant de la décision : les Représentations Sociales. En contexte international, nous postulons que les décisions sont guidées par les Représentations Sociales de la mondialisation et de l'internationalisation. Ainsi, nous introduisons un modèle composé des différents déterminants endogènes de la décision d'internationaliser : les traits décisionnels internationaux (Représentations Sociales et attitude vis-à-vis de la mondialisation et de l'internationalisation) et les traits décisionnels classiques (tolérance à l'ambigüité, intuitivité et proactivité). Afin de valider ce modèle, nous adaptons une méthode originale permettant de mesurer les comportements décisionnels en concomitance avec les profils de répondants : la Méthode Des Scénarios. Celle-ci découle sur la conception, le test, et la validation d'un instrument de mesure évaluant les décisions et les profils de répondants. Le terrain est constitué de 33 participants, pour les phases qualitatives, et de 149 responsables de PME françaises, pour la phase quantitative. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'en contexte international les décisions sont guidées par les traits décisionnels internationaux et classiques. Nous montrons également que les traits décisionnels internationaux expliquent davantage la décision d'internationaliser une activité que les traits classiquesThis research aims at studying the factors that influence people in charge of SME in their decisions to internationalize an activity. Starting from the literature about the decision in the management field, the authors highlight the seminal influence, though hardly studied, of one determinant of the decision: the Social Representations. In an international environment, the authors assume that Social Representations of globalization and internationalization influence on decision making. Thus, the authors introduce a model composed of the decision to internationalize endogenous determinants: international decision features (Social Representations and attitude towards globalization and internationalization) and classical decision features (tolerance to ambiguity, intuitivity, and proactivity). In order to validate this model, the authors adapt an original method to capture the respondents' decision behavior: The Scenario Method. It leads to design, test and validate a tool which measures decisions and respondents' profiles. The field is composed of 33 participants for the qualitative studies, and 149 top managers of French SME for the quantitative study. The results suggest that in an international context, decisions are both based on international and classical features. The authors show that international decisional features better explain decisions than classical decisions features. Furthermore, Social Representations contribute to better understand the origin of individual's position towards globalization and internationalization: for instance, respondents who are unfavorable to globalization perceive it as a source of threat and competitio
Understanding the link between corporate societal responsibility and organizational innovation : a systemic approach of complexity science
No full textL’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre le design des organisations à la fois innovantes et socialement responsables qui sont capable d’apprendre et évoluer dans l’économie globale basée sur les connaissances. En appliquant l’approche de la science de la complexité au niveau des entreprises (premier essai), nous apportons un éclairage théorique sur les conditions favorables à l’innovation des systèmes organisationnels. Notre analyse suggère que c'est la culture organisationnelle éthique basée sur la liberté individuelle et orientée vers le bien commun qui est la plus favorable à l’innovation radicale et durable. Ce prototype de la culture éthique est opérationnalisé ensuite en mobilisant le cadre théorique de Nahapiet & Ghoshal (1998) sur le lien entre les trois dimensions de capital social et l’innovation (la deuxième étude) et le design holographique (la troisième étude). Nous testons nos deux modèles de recherche sur un échantillon de convenance des répondants organisationnelles en utilisant la méthode PLS-SEM. Les résultats empiriques valident nos deux modèles théoriques qui mettent en évidence le rôle critique du leadership éthique pour développer une culture d’entreprise éthique propice à l’innovation. Ce type de culture organisationnelle qui favorise à la fois l’afflux de nouvelles idées (grâce à la diversité au travail et aux partenariats avec les parties prenantes) et la coopération des employés (grâce au climat éthique ; participation d’employés dans les programmes de la RSE et à l’orientation stratégique de la RSE) est indispensable pour réconcilier la performance économique des entreprises avec le développement durable de la société globaleThe aim of this thesis is to understand the design of socially responsible and innovative organizations that are capable of learning and evolving in the global knowledge-based economy. By applying the systemic approach of complexity science to business companies (first essay), we provide a theoretical understanding of the enabling conditions for organizational innovations. Our analysis suggests that ethical learning culture built on individual freedom for creativity and organizational vision for sustainability is the most likely to create a work environment conducive to radical sustainable innovations. To operationalize the prototype of ethical learning culture, we mobilize the theoretical model Nahapiet & Ghoshal (1998) on the link between three dimensions of social capital and innovation (second study) and the cybernetic principles of holographic design (third study). We test the two research models on a convenience sample of organizational respondents by using the PLS-SEM. Empirical findings validate our two theoretical models that highlight the critical role of ethical leadership for developing an ethical learning culture. This type of organizational culture that simultaneously encourages inflows of new ideas (thanks to workforce diversity and partnerships with the firm’s stakeholders) and employees’ cooperation (thanks to ethical climate, employees’ participation in CSR projects and strategic CSR orientation) is essential for the long-term business success and sustainable human developmen
Social and solidarity economy organisations in the face of ecological challenges : strategies for communication and environmental action
No full textLa protection de l’environnement naturel constitue un enjeu déterminant pour le futur de l’humanité. L’ESS, qui partage les principes du développement durable, est particulièrement bien placée pour mettre en œuvre des alternatives de développement plus écologiques. Cette recherche a pour objet d’examiner les facteurs et les modalités de l’action environnementale dans cette économie hétérogène. La thèse appréhende les organisations de l’ESS sous l’angle de l’identité organisationnelle et s’intéresse d’une part à la communication environnementale, d’autre part aux actions concrètes. L’étude de la communication environnementale a pour terrain le réseau social Twitter. Elle s’appuie sur un programme codé en Python, et sur les techniques d’exploration automatique de texte. Elle permet de mettre en évidence plusieurs stratégies rhétoriques. Une seconde étude traite de sept cas, sur la base d’entretiens semi-directifs. Elle met en lumière le rôle de l’engagement individuel mais aussi des logiques collectives dans l’action environnementale. Ce travail apporte une contribution méthodologique en développant l’approche de l’exploration automatique de texte, peu utilisée dans les Sciences de Gestion. Sur le plan théorique, la thèse introduit la dimension collective en tant qu’identité organisationnelle de l’ESS. Nous adaptons ensuite un modèle d’action environnementale en identifiant un déterminant supplémentaire spécifique à ces organisations. Finalement, la recherche invite l’ESS à remettre au centre les questions d’écologie, et donne des pistes pour soutenir les organisations dans une démarche environnementale.The protection of the natural environment is a key issue for the future of humanity. SSE, which shares the principles of sustainable development, is particularly well suited to implement more environmentally friendly development alternatives. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors and modalities of environmental action in this heterogeneous economy. The thesis looks at SSE organisations from the perspective of organisational identity and focuses on environmental communication on the one hand, and concrete actions on the other. The study of environmental communication is based on the social network Twitter. It is based on a program coded in Python, and on automatic text mining techniques. It highlights several rhetorical strategies. A second study deals with seven cases, based on semi-directive interviews. It sheds light on the role of individual commitment but also on collective logic in environmental action.This work makes a methodological contribution by developing the approach of automatic text mining, which is rarely used in Management Sciences. On the theoretical level, the thesis introduces the collective dimension as anborganisational identity of the SSE. We then adapt an environmental action model by identifying an additional determinant specific to these organizations. Finally, the research invites the SSE to put ecological issues back at the centre, and gives suggestions for supporting organisations in their efforts to protect the environment
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