1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Extraktion von Information für die Biologie
No full textHigh-throughput methods like the large scale sequencing of the human genome dramatically increase our knowledge of genetics and related biological processes. As a consequence these results accelerate the pace of research and development in the field of biomedicine. The overall goal of these research efforts is to obtain new findings about diseases in order to improve human health. However, these advances are responsible for an increase in complexity and a need for understanding when applying biomedical research and data. Meanwhile there is a strong agreement within life-science related academic laboratories and industry that addressing the complexity of biological data and knowledge entails intense interdisciplinary efforts. A major requirement for interdisciplinary research within life sciences is to correlate the data that is derived from text with data from experiments in biomedical laboratories (and with patient records). The main contribution of this work is to describe how natural language processing (NLP) methods and systems can fulfill this requirement by categorising, structuring and exploiting the massive amount of textual data available and in integrating the results with data derived from biomedical experiments.
The present work is thematically divided into three parts. The first part is about text mining in the life sciences and is subdivided in two subsections. Subsection I presents an introduction to effective natural language processing techniques for identifying and retrieving information from large text collections. Furthermore it presents the characteristic features of biomedical terminology, which comprise synonymic, homonymic, orthographical, paragrammatical as well as other types of variance. This illustrates that the crucial difference between everyday language and the language used within biomedical scientific literature is mainly based on the difference of the terminology used. This subsection concludes with a description of basic criteria that an information extraction system has to meet. The implementation of such an information extraction system is described in the second subsection. This section documents a pilot study that was carried out in close collaboration with both the SDBV (Scientific DataBases and Visualisation) group of EML Research gGmbH and Peer Bork's group at the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) both located in Heidelberg. The system implemented is used for the extraction of information on gene expression relations from biomedical scientific publications.
The second part III focuses on the transfer of a computational linguistic tool (TIGERSearch), which was originally developed for the querying of hierarchical structures, to querying knowledge on protein domains from a protein database. It is demonstrated that TIGERSearch offers the possibility to make implicit knowledge about protein domains explicit by transforming the database entries to TIGERSearch-XML.
In addition, TIGERSearch makes this implicit knowledge graphically visible. In fact, TigerSearch was initially developed for the querying and transparent representation of syntactically annotated corpora, so-called treebanks. This part also points out the problem that mapping the wide range of natural language annotations to precisely defined concepts presupposed by the search engine requires an ontological modelling of the domain.
The third part addresses the problem of ontological modelling in a more general and more comprehensive way. It consists of two chapters. The first chapter introduces basic notions of ontologies as well as an overview of guidelines to be considered when building an ontology. In addition some examples of implemented (both general and biomedical) ontologies are presented. The second chapter presents an axiomatisation of a sub-domain of molecular biology (i.e. gene expression) that comprises the domain of proteins and their domains.
The thesis demonstrates a highly interdisciplinary approach for text mining in the life sciences. Methods and knowledge from the fields of natural language processing, bioinformatics and biology have been successfully combined with knowledge from cell-biology and the problem of extracting knowledge from unstructured or partially structured data.Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich Methoden der Computerlinguistik diskutiert, erarbeitet und eingesetzt, um eine maschinelle Extraktion biomedizinischer Daten aus wissenschaftlichen Publikationen und Datenbanken zu ermöglichen. Im wesentlichen habe ich dabei drei Themengebiete bearbeitet. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit stelle ich eine Pilotstudie vor, die die Methoden der Informationsextraktion anwendet, um für eine vordefinierte Fragestellung Antworten aus großen Mengen biomedizinischer Texte zu extrahieren. Diese Arbeit ist von unmittelbarer biologischer Relevanz. Denn nachdem diese Arbeit in enger Kollaboration zwischen der SDBV (Scientific DataBases and Visualisation) Gruppe der EML Research gGmbH und der Gruppe um Peer Bork des EMBL (Europäisches Molekularbiologie Labor) entstanden ist, wird das System zur Extraktion von Genexpressionsdaten am EMBL eingesetzt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit stelle ich Einsatzmöglichkeiten der TigerSearch Suchmaschine im molekularbiologischen Kontext vor. TigerSearch wurde für die Suche auf syntaktisch annotierten Sätzen entwickelt. Ich habe sie ausgewählt, um strukturierte Information über Proteindomänen transparent darzustellen und komplexe Anfragen bearbeiten zu können.
Der letzte Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Modellierung biologischen Wissens. Dabei steht die formale Repräsentation biologisch relevanter Konzepte im Vordergrund. Als wesentliches Merkmal der vorliegenden Arbeit möchte ich den interdisziplinären Charakter betonen, vor allem, weil interdisziplinäre Forschung nicht nur in der Bioinformatik, sondern auch in anderen Forschungsfeldern zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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